وَأَقِمِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ طَرَفَىِ ٱلنَّهَارِ وَزُلَفًۭا مِّنَ ٱلَّيْلِ ۚ إِنَّ ٱلْحَسَنَٰتِ يُذْهِبْنَ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ ذِكْرَىٰ لِلذَّٰكِرِينَ
Dan dirikanlah sembahyang itu pada kedua tepi siang (pagi dan petang) dan pada bahagian permulaan daripada malam. Sesungguhnya perbuatan-perbuatan yang baik itu menghapuskan (dosa) perbuatan-perbuatan yang buruk. Itulah peringatan bagi orang-orang yang ingat.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
The Command to establish the Prayer
`Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said,
وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَوةَ طَرَفَىِ النَّهَارِ
(And perform the Salah, at the two ends of the day) "This is referring to the morning prayer (Subh) and the evening prayer (Maghrib)." The same was said by Al-Hasan and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. In one narration reported by Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and others, Al-Hasan said, "It means the morning prayer (Subh) and the late afternoon prayer (`Asr)." Mujahid said, "It is the morning prayer at the beginning of the day and the noon prayer (Zuhr) and late afternoon prayer (`Asr) at the end of the day." This was also said by Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi and Ad-Dahhak in one narration from him.
وَزُلَفاً مِّنَ الَّيْلِ
(and in some hours of the night.) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Al-Hasan and others said, "This means the night prayer (`Isha')." Ibn Al-Mubarak reported from Mubarak bin Fadalah that Al-Hasan said,
وَزُلَفاً مِّنَ الَّيْلِ
(and in some hours of the night.) "This means the evening (Maghrib) and late night (`Isha') prayers. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«هُمَا زُلَفَا اللَّيْلِ: الْمَغْرِبُ وَالْعِشَاء»
(They are the approach of the night: Maghrib and `Isha'.) The same was said by Mujahid, Muhammad bin Ka`b, Qatadah and Ad-Dahhak (that this means the Maghrib and `Isha' prayers). It should be noted that this verse was revealed before the five daily prayers were made obligatory during the night of Isra' (the Prophet's night journey to Jerusalem). At that time there were only two obligatory prayers: a prayer before sunrise and a prayer before sunset. During the late night another prayer (Tahajjud) was also made obligatory upon the Prophet and his nation. Later, this obligation was abrogated for his nation and remained obligatory upon him . Finally, this obligation was abrogated for the Prophet as well, according to one opinion. Allah knows best.
The Good Deeds wipe away the Evil Deeds
Concerning Allah's statement,
إِنَّ الْحَسَنَـتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّـيِّئَـتِ
(Verily, the good deeds remove the evil deeds.) This is saying that the performance of good deeds is an expiation of previous sins. This has been mentioned in a Hadith recorded by Imam Ahmad and the Sunan Compilers, that the Commander of the faithful, `Ali bin Abi Talib, said, "Whenever I used to hear a narration from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Allah would cause me to benefit by it however He willed. If anyone informed me of any statement that he said, I would make him swear (by Allah) that the Prophet said it. If he swore by Allah, then I would believe him. Abu Bakr once told me -- and Abu Bakr was truthful -- that he heard the Messenger of Allah say,
«مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ يُذْنِبُ ذَنْبًا فَيَتَوَضَّأُ وَيُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ إِلَّا غُفِرَ لَه»
(There is not any Muslim who commits a sin, then he makes Wudu' and prays two units of prayer, except that he will be forgiven (that sin).) In the Two Sahihs it is recorded that the Commander of the faithful, `Uthman bin `Affan made Wudu' for the people (to see), just like the Wudu' of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Then he said, "I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ make Wudu' like this, and he said,
«مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ وُضُوئِي هَذَا ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ لَا يُحَدِّثُ فِيهِمَا نَفْسَهُ غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّم مِنْ ذَنْبِه»
(Whoever makes Wudu' like this Wudu' of mine, then he prays two units of prayer in which he does not speak to himself, he will be forgiven for his previous sins.) In the Sahih it is recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«أَرَأَيْتُمْ لَوْ أَنَّ بِبَابِ أَحَدِكُمْ نَهْرًا غَمْرًا، يَغْتَسِلُ فِيهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ، هَلْ يُبْقِي مِنْ دَرَنِهِ شَيْئًا؟»
(Do you think that if there was a flowing river at the door of anyone of you and he bathed in it five times every day, would there be any dirt left on him) They said, "No, O Messenger of Allah!" He () said;
«كَذَلِكَ الصَّلَوَاتُ الْخَمْسُ يَمْحُو اللهُ بِهِنَّ الذُّنُوبَ وَالْخَطَايَا»
(This is like the five daily prayers, for Allah uses them to wipe away the sins and wrongdoings.) Muslim recorded in his Sahih that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to say,
«الصَّلَوَاتُ الْخَمْسُ، وَالْجُمُعَةُ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ، وَرَمَضَانُ إِلَى رَمَضَانَ، مُكَفِّرَاتٌ لِمَا بَيْنَهُنَّ مَا اجْتُنِبَتِ الْكَبَائِر»
(The five daily prayers, Jumu`ah (Friday prayer) to Jumu`ah and (the fast of) Ramadan to Ramadan are expiations for whatever sins were committed between them, as long as you stay away from the major sins.) Al-Bukhari recorded Ibn Mas`ud saying that a man kissed a woman (who was not his relative or wife). He then came to the Prophet and informed him about the incident. Thus, Allah revealed,
وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَوةَ طَرَفَىِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفاً مِّنَ الَّيْلِ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَـتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّـيِّئَـتِ
(And perform Salah, at the two ends of the day and in some hours of the night. Verily, the good deeds remove the evil deeds.)11:114 The man then said, "O Messenger of Allah, is this only for me" The Prophet replied,
«لِجَمِيعِ أُمَّتِي كُلِّهِم»
(This is for all of my (Ummah) followers.) Al-Bukhari recorded this narration in the Book of Prayer as well and the Book of Tafsir. Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that a man came to `Umar and said that a woman came to do business with him. During the course of their business, he took her into his place and did everything with her except the actual act of sexual intercourse. `Umar said, "Woe unto you! She probably was a woman whose husband is away (fighting) in the path of Allah." The man said, "Of course she was." `Umar then said, "Go to Abu Bakr and ask him about this." The man went to Abu Bakr and asked him about the matter. Abu Bakr said, "She probably was a woman whose husband is away (fighting) in the path of Allah," just as `Umar had said. Then he went to the Prophet and told him the same story. The Prophet said,
«فَلَعَلَّهَا مُغِيبَةٌ فِي سَبِيلِ الله»
(She probably was a woman whose husband is away (fighting) in the path of Allah.) Then a verse of Qur'an was revealed,
وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَوةَ طَرَفَىِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفاً مِّنَ الَّيْلِ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَـتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّـيِّئَـتِ
(And perform the Salah, at the two ends of the day and in some hours of the night. Verily, the good deeds remove the evil deeds.) The man then said, "O Messenger of Allah! Is this verse only for me, or does it apply to all of the people in general" `Umar then struck the man on his chest with his hand and said, "No, rather it is for all of the people in general." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«صَدَقَ عُمَر»
(`Umar has spoken the truth.)
Hadits Terkait
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Sa'id bin Ar Rabi'] telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Ali bin Al Mubarak] dari [Yahya] dari [Abdullah bin Abu Qatadah] bahwa [Bapaknya] telah menceritakan kepadanya, katanya; "Kami berangkat bersama Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam saat perang Hudaibiyyah, lalu para shahabat berihram sementara beliau tidak
Telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Ubaidullah bin Musa] dari [Isra'il] dari [Abu Ishaq], dari [Al Bara' radliallahu 'anhu] ia berkata; "Kalian mengira penaklukan kota Makkah adalah kemenangan dan memang itu suatu kemenangan. Namun kami menganggap kemenganan itu bermula saat Bai'atur Ridlwan pada peristiwa Hudaibiyyah. Saat itu kami bersama Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam berjumlah seribu empat ratus orang. Hudaybiyah adalah sebuah sumur lalu kami mengambil airnya hingga tak bersisa setetespun. Setelah kejadian itu terdengar oleh Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam, beliau segera mendatangi sumur itu dan duduk di tepi sumur tersebut, selanjutnya beliau minta diambilkan bejana, beliau berwudlu' sambil berkumur-kumur, kemudian beliau berdo'a dan menuangkan airnya ke dalam sumur tersebut. Setelah kami mendiamkan sejenak, akhirnya kami dapat minum sesuka kami hingga puas, begitu juga dengan hewan-hewan tungangan kami
Telah menceritakan kepadaku [Fadlal bin Ya'qub] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Al Hasan bin Muhammad bin A'yun Abu 'Ali Al Harrani] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Zuhair] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Ishaq] ia berkata; telah memberitakan kepada kami [Al Bara' bin 'Azib radliallahu 'anhuma] bahwa mereka pernah bersama Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam pada peristiwa Hudaibiyyah berjumlah seribu empat ratus orang atau lebih. Kami lalu singgah dan mengambil airnya (hingga tak bersisa setetespun) ". Setelah orang-orang menemui Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam, beliau segera mendatangi sumur itu dan duduk di tepinya, beliau bersabda; "Bawakan aku bejana berisi air." Setelah bejana diberikan kepada beliau, beliau meludahinya kemudian berdo'a. Selanjutnya beliau bersabda: "Biarkanlah sejenak". Setelah itu mereka dapat memuaskan diri mereka (meminumnya) begitu pula hewan-hewan tungangan mereka hingga mereka berangkat
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Yusuf bin Isa] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ibnu Fudlail] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Hushain] dari [Salim] dari [Jabir radliallahu 'anhu] ia berkata; "Para shahabat mengalami kehausan pada peristiwa Hudaibiyyah, sementara Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam hanya memiliki kantung air terbuat dari kulit, lalu beliau wudlu' dengan air tersebut. Setelah itu Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam mendatangi para shahabat dan bertanya: "Ada apa dengan kalian?." Mereka menajwab; "Wahai Rasulullah, kami tidak punya air untuk berwudlu' dan juga tidak ada untuk minum kecuali air yang ada pada kantung air tuan." Jabir berkata; "Maka Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam meletakkan tangan beliau pada kantung air tersebut lalu air mengalir melalui sela-sela jari beliau bagaikan mata air yang mengalir." Jabir melanjutkan; "Lalu kami minum dan berwudlu'." Aku bertanya kepada Jabir; "Berapa jumlah kalian saat itu?." Jabir menjawab; "Seandainya jumlah kami ratusan ribu tentu air itu masih cukup. Jumlah kami saat itu seribu lima ratus orang
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ash Shalt bin Muhammad] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Yazid bin Zurai'] dari [Sa'id] dari [Qatadah]; "Aku berkata kepada [Sa'id bin Al Musayyab]; "Telah sampai kepadaku berita bahwa [Jabir bin Abdullah] berkata, bahwa saat itu (peristiwa Hudaibiyyah) mereka berjumlah seribu empat ratus orang." Lantas Sa'id berkata kepadaku; telah menceritakan kepadaku Jabir bahwa jumlah mereka seribu lima ratus orang, yaitu mereka yang berbai'at kepada Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam pada peristiwa Hudaibiyyah." Hadits ini juga diperkuat oleh [Abu Daud] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Qurrah] dari [Qatadah]