وَكَأَيِّن مِّنْ ءَايَةٍۢ فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ يَمُرُّونَ عَلَيْهَا وَهُمْ عَنْهَا مُعْرِضُونَ
Dan banyak sekali tanda-tanda (kekuasaan Allah) di langit dan di bumi yang mereka melaluinya, sedang mereka berpaling dari padanya.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
People neglect to ponder the Signs before Them
Allah states that most people do not think about His signs and proofs of His Oneness that He created in the heavens and earth. Allah created brilliant stars and rotating heavenly objects and planets, all made subservient. There are many plots of fertile land next to each other on earth, and gardens, solid mountains, lively oceans, with their waves smashing against each other, and spacious deserts. There are many live creatures and others that have died; and animals, plants and fruits that are similar in shape, but different in taste, scent, color and attributes. All praise is due to Allah the One and Only, Who created all types of creations, Who Alone will remain and last forever. It is He Who is unique in His Names and Attributes. Allah said next,
وَمَا يُؤْمِنُ أَكْثَرُهُمْ بِاللَّهِ إِلاَّ وَهُمْ مُّشْرِكُونَ
(And most of them believe not in Allah except that they attribute partners unto Him.) Ibn `Abbas commented, "They have a part of faith, for when they are asked, `Who created the heavens Who created the earth Who created the mountains' They say, `Allah did.' Yet, they associate others with Him in worship." Similar is said by Mujahid, `Ata, `Ikrimah, Ash-Sha`bi, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. In the Sahih, it is recorded that during the Hajj season, the idolators used to say in their Talbiyah: "Here we rush to Your service. You have no partners with You, except a partner with You whom You own but he owns not!" Allah said in another Ayah,
إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ
(Verily, joining others in worship with Allah is a great Zulm (wrong) indeed.) 31:13 This indeed is the greatest type of Shirk, associating others with Allah in worship. It is recorded in the Two Sahihs that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "I said, `O Allah's Messenger! What is the greatest sin' He said,
«أَنْ تَجْعَلَ للهِ نِدًّا وَهُوَ خَلَقَك»
(That you call a rival to Allah while He alone created you.)" Al-Hasan Al-Basri commented on Allah's statement,
وَمَا يُؤْمِنُ أَكْثَرُهُمْ بِاللَّهِ إِلاَّ وَهُمْ مُّشْرِكُونَ
(And most of them believe not in Allah except that they attribute partners unto Him.) "This is the hypocrite; if he performs good deeds, he does so to show off with the people, and he is an idolator while doing this." Al-Hasan was referring to Allah's statement,
إِنَّ الْمُنَـفِقِينَ يُخَـدِعُونَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ خَادِعُهُمْ وَإِذَا قَامُواْ إِلَى الصَّلَوةِ قَامُواْ كُسَالَى يُرَآءُونَ النَّاسَ وَلاَ يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ إِلاَّ قَلِيلاً
(Verily, the hypocrites seek to deceive Allah, but it is He Who deceives them. And when they stand up for As-Salah, they stand with laziness and to be seen of men, and they do not remember Allah but little.) 4:142 There is another type of hidden Shirk that most people are unaware of. Hammad bin Salamah narrated that `Asim bin Abi An-Najud said that `Urwah said, "Hudhayfah visited an ill man and saw a rope tied around his arm, so he ripped it off while reciting,
وَمَا يُؤْمِنُ أَكْثَرُهُمْ بِاللَّهِ إِلاَّ وَهُمْ مُّشْرِكُونَ
(And most of them believe not in Allah except that they attribute partners unto Him.) In a Hadith, from Ibn `Umar collected by At-Tirmidhi who said it was Hasan, the Prophet said,
«مَنْ حَلَفَ بِغَيْرِ اللهِ فَقَدْ أَشْرَك»
(He who swears by other than Allah, commits Shirk.) Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawud and other scholars of Hadith narrated that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«إِنَّ الرُّقَى وَالتَّمَائِمَ وَالتِّوَلَةَ شِرْك»
(Verily, Ar-Ruqa, At-Tama'im and At-Tiwalah are all acts of Shirk.) In another narration collected by Ahmad and Abu Dawud, the Prophet said,
«الطِّيَرَةُ شِرْكٌ وَمَا مِنَّا إِلَّا، وَلَكِنَّ اللهَ يُذْهِبُهُ بِالتَّوَكُّل»
(Verily, At-Tiyarah omen is Shirk; everyone might feel a glimpse of it, but Allah dissipates it with Tawakkul.)" Allah said next,
أَفَأَمِنُواْ أَن تَأْتِيَهُمْ غَاشِيَةٌ مِّنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ
(Do they then feel secure from the coming against them of the covering veil of the torment of Allah) Allah asks, `Do these idolators who associate others with Allah in the worship, feel secure from the coming of an encompassing torment from where they perceive not' Allah said in other `Ayat,
أَفَأَمِنَ الَّذِينَ مَكَرُواْ السَّيِّئَاتِ أَن يَخْسِفَ اللَّهُ بِهِمُ الاٌّرْضَ أَوْ يَأْتِيَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لاَ يَشْعُرُونَ - أَوْ يَأْخُذَهُمْ فِى تَقَلُّبِهِمْ فَمَا هُم بِمُعْجِزِينَ - أَوْ يَأْخُذَهُمْ عَلَى تَخَوُّفٍ فَإِنَّ رَبَّكُمْ لَرَؤُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ
(Do then those who devise evil plots feel secure that Allah will not sink them into the earth, or that the torment will not seize them from directions they perceive not Or that He may catch them in the midst of their going to and from, so that there be no escape for them (from Allah's punishment) Or that He may catch them with gradual wasting (of their wealth and health) Truly, Your Lord is indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful.) 16:45-47 and,
أَفَأَمِنَ أَهْلُ الْقُرَى أَن يَأْتِيَهُم بَأْسُنَا بَيَـتاً وَهُمْ نَآئِمُونَ - أَوَ أَمِنَ أَهْلُ الْقُرَى أَن يَأْتِيَهُمْ بَأْسُنَا ضُحًى وَهُمْ يَلْعَبُونَ
أَفَأَمِنُواْ مَكْرَ اللَّهِ فَلاَ يَأْمَنُ مَكْرَ اللَّهِ إِلاَّ الْقَوْمُ الْخَـسِرُونَ
(Did the people of the towns then feel secure against the coming of Our punishment by night while they were asleep Or, did the people of the towns then feel secure against the coming of Our punishment in the forenoon while they were playing Did they then feel secure against the plan of Allah None feels secure from the plan of Allah except the people who are the losers.) 7:97-99)
Hadits Terkait
Telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Abu Nu'aim Fadl bin Dukain] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ibnu 'Uyainah] dari [Az Zuhri] dari [Sa'id] dari [Abu Hurairah] dia berkata; "Tatkala Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam mengangkat kepala dari ruku', beliau berdo'a: "Ya Allah, selamatkanlah Al Walid bin Al Walid dan Salamah bin Hisyam serta 'Ayyasy bin Abu Rabi'ah dan golongan yang lemah di Makkah. Ya Allah, timpakanlah kerasnya siksa-Mu kepada Mudlar dan jadikanlah siksa-Mu untuk mereka berupa paceklik seperti paceklik yang terjadi pada zaman Nabi Yusuf
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Yusuf As Shaidalani Muhammad bin Ahmad Ar raqqi] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Muhammad bin Salamah] da ri [Al Fazari] dari [Abu Syaibah] dari [Abdullah bin 'Ukaim Al Juhani] dari ['Aisyah] dia berkata; saya mendengar Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam mengucapkan: "Ya Allah, sesungguhnya aku meminta kepada-Mu dengan nama-Mu Yang Suci, yang Indah, diberkahi serta lebih Engkau cintai, yang apabila Engkau diseru dengan-Nya, Engkau akan mengabulkan, dan apabila Engkau diminta dengan-Nya Engkau akan memberi, dan apabila Engkau dimintai rahmat dengan-Nya Engkau akan merahmati dan apabila Engkau dimintai jalan keluar dengan-Nya Engkau akan memberi jalan keluar." 'Aisyah berkata; Suatu hari beliau bersabda: "Wahai 'Aisyah, apakah kamu tahu bahwa Allah telah menunjukkan kepadaku satu nama yang apabila diseru dengannya Dia akan mengabulkan?" 'Aisyah berkata; Jawabku; "Wahai Rasulullah, demi ayahku, anda dan ibuku, maka ajarkanlah ia kepadaku." Beliau bersabda: "Sesungguhnya ia tidak layak bagimu wahai 'Aisyah." 'Aisyah berkata; maka aku menyingkir dan duduk sejenak kemudian aku bangun dan membalik kepalanya, kemudian aku berkata; "Wahai Rosulullah, ajarkanlah kepadaku." Beliau bersabda: "Sesungguhnya ia tidak layak bagimu wahai 'Aisyah yaitu untuk mengajarkan kepadamu, sesungguhnya ia tidak layak bagimu jika dengannya kamu meminta sesuatu dari dunia." 'Aisyah berkata; "Maka aku bangun dan berwudlu` kemudian shalat dua raka'at dan berdo'a; "Ya Allah, sesungguhnya aku berdo'a kepada-Mu ya Allah, aku berdo'a kepada-Mu ya Rahman, aku berdo'a kepada-Mu wahai yang Maha Baik lagi Maha Penyayang, dan aku berdo'a kepada-Mu dengan nama-nama-Mu yang indah semuanya, baik yang aku ketahui dan yang tidak aku ketahui agar Engkau mengampuniku dan merahmatiku." 'Aisyah berkata; Maka Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam mentertawakanku dan bersabda: "Sesungguhnya itu terdapat di dalam asma'-asma' yang Engkau berdo'a dengannya tadi
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abdullah bin Yusuf] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Al Laits] dia berkata; telah menceritakan kepadaku [Yazid] dari [Abu Al Khair] dari [Abdullah bin 'Amru] bahwa seorang laki-laki bertanya kepada Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam; "Islam bagaimanakah yang baik?" beliau menjawab: "Kamu memberi makan, menebarkan salam baik terhadap orang yang kamu kenal maupun terhadap orang yang tidak kamu kenal
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abdullah bin Yusuf] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Malik] dari [Abdullah bin Dinar] dari [Abdullah bin Umar] radliallahu 'anhuma bahwa Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Apabila orang-orang Yahudi menyalami kalian, bahwa salah seorang dari mereka mengatakan; "As saamu 'alaika (kebinasaan keatasmu), maka jawablah; "wa'alaika (dan keatasmu juga)
Telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Ubaidullah bin Yazid bin Khunais] dan [Ahmad bin Yusuf Al Azdi] keduanya berkata; Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Isma'il bin Abu Uwais]; Telah menceritakan kepadaku [Sulaiman bin Bilal] dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] dari [Suhail bin Abu Shalih] dari [Bapaknya] dari [Abu Hurairah] bahwa pada suatu ketika Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam sedang berada di atas gunung Hira'. Tiba-tiba gunung tersebut bergerak, maka Rasulullah berkata: "Hai Hira', tenanglah! Tidak ada orang yang berada di atasmu melainkan seorang nabi, atau seorang shiddiq, ataupun seorang syahid." Pada saat itu, di atas gunung Hira' tersebut, ada Nabi Muhammad, Abu Bakar, Umar, Utsman, Ali, Thalhah, Zubair, dan Said bin Abu Waqqash -Radliallah 'Anhum