وَلَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَٰكَ سَبْعًۭا مِّنَ ٱلْمَثَانِى وَٱلْقُرْءَانَ ٱلْعَظِيمَ
Dan sesungguhnya Kami telah berikan kepadamu tujuh ayat yang dibaca berulang-ulang dan Al Quran yang agung.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
A Reminder of the Blessing of the Qur'an and the Command to focus on its Message
Allah is saying to His Prophet : Since We have given you the Grand Qur'an, then do not look at this world and its attractions, or the transient delights that we have given to its people in order to test them. Do not envy what they have in this world, and do not upset yourself with regret for their rejection of you and their opposition to your religion.
وَاخْفِضْ جَنَاحَكَ لِمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
(And lower your wings to the believers who follow you) (26:215) meaning - be gentle with them, like the Ayah,
لَقَدْ جَآءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ عَزِيزٌ عَلَيْهِ مَا عَنِتُّمْ حَرِيصٌ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ
(Verily, there has come unto you a Messenger from among yourselves. It grieves him that you should receive any injury or difficulty. He is anxious for you, for the believers - he is full of pity, kind and merciful)(9:128). There were some differences among the scholars over the meaning of "seven of the Mathani". Ibn Mas`ud, Ibn `Umar, Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak and others said that they are the seven long (Surahs), meaning Al-Baqarah, Al- `Imran, An-Nisa', Al-Ma'idah, Al-An`am, Al-A`raf and Yunus. There are texts to this effect reported from Ibn `Abbas and Sa`id bin Jubayr. Sa`id said: "In them, Allah explains the obligations, the Hudud (legal limits), stories and rulings." Ibn `Abbas said, "He explains the parables, stories and lessons." The second opinion is that they (the seven of the Mathani) are Al-Fatihah, which is composed of seven Ayat. This was reported from `Ali, `Umar, Ibn Mas`ud and Ibn `Abbas. Ibn `Abbas said: "The Bismillah, is completing seven Ayah, which Allah has given exclusively to you (Muslims)." This is also the opinion of Ibrahim An-Nakha`i, `Abdullah bin `Umayr, Ibn Abi Mulaykah, Shahr bin Hawshab, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Mujahid. Al-Bukhari, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded two Hadiths on this topic. (The first) was recorded from Abu Sa`id bin Al-Mu`alla, who said: "The Prophet passed by me while I was praying. He called out for me but I did not come until I finished my prayer. Then I came to him, and He asked,
«مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَأْتِيَنِي؟»
(What stopped you from coming to me) I said, `I was praying'. He said,
«أَلَمْ يَقُلِ اللهُ (`Did not Allah say
يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ اسْتَجِيبُواْ لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ
(O you who believe! Answer Allah (by obeying Him) and (His) Messenger when he calls you...) 8:24
أَلَا أُعَلِّمُكَ أَعْظَمَ سُورَةٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَخْرُجَ مِنَ الْمَسْجِد»
(Shall I not teach you the most magnificent Surah before I leave the Masjid) Then the Prophet went to leave the Masjid, and I reminded him, so he said,
الْحَمْدُ للَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَـلَمِينَ
("Al-Hamdu Lillahi Rabbil-'Alamin All praises and thanks be to Allah, the Lord of all that exists)(1:2).
هِيَ السَّبْعُ الْمَثَانِي وَالْقُرْآنُ الَّذِي أُوتِيتُه»
(This is the seven of the Mathani and the Qur'an which I have been given.)" (The second Hadith) was reported from Abu Hurayrah who said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
«أُمُّ الْقُرْآنِ هِيَ السَّبْعُ الْمَثَانِي وَالْقُرْآنُ الْعَظِيم»
(Umm Al-Qur'an (the Mother or the Essence of the Qur'an,) is the seven Mathani, and the Grand Qur'an.) This means that Al-Fatihah is the seven Mathani and the Grand Qur'an, but this does not contradict the statement that the seven Mathani are the seven long Surahs, because they also share these attributes, as does the whole Qur'an. As Allah says,
اللَّهُ نَزَّلَ أَحْسَنَ الْحَدِيثِ كِتَـباً مُّتَشَـبِهاً مَّثَانِيَ
(Allah has sent down the best statement, a Book (this Qur'an), its parts resembling each other in goodness and truth, oft-recited) (39:23). So it is oft-recited in one way, and its parts resemble one another in another way, and this is also the Grand Qur'an.
لاَ تَمُدَّنَّ عَيْنَيْكَ إِلَى مَا مَتَّعْنَا بِهِ أَزْوَاجًا مِّنْهُمْ
(Look not with your eyes ambitiously at what We have given to certain classes of them) 20: 131 meaning, be content with the Grand Qur'an that Allah has given to you, and do not long for the luxuries and transient delights that they have.
لاَ تَمُدَّنَّ عَيْنَيْكَ
(Look not with your eyes ambitiously) Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said: "He in this Ayah forbade a man to wish for what his companion has."
إِلَى مَا مَتَّعْنَا بِهِ أَزْوَاجًا مِّنْهُمْ
(at what We have given to certain classes of them,) Mujahid said: "This refers to the rich."
Hadits Terkait
Telah bercerita kepada kami [Muhammad bin Miskin abu Al Hasan] telah bercerita kepada kami [Yahya bin Hassan bin Hayyan Abu Zakariya'] telah bercerita kepada kami [Sulaiman] dari ['Abdullah bin Dinar] dari [Ibnu 'Umar radliallahu 'anhuma] bahwa Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam ketika singgah di al-Hijr (suatu daerah pegunungan yang pernah dijadikan Kaum Tsamud bertempat tinggal dan dibinasakan) pada waktu perang Tabuk, Beliau memerintahkan agar pasukan tidak minum dari air sumurnya dan tidak mengambil airnya. Mereka berkata; "Kami telah membuat adonan roti dengan airnya dan telah mengambil airnya". Maka Beliau memerintahkan agar membuang adonan roti dan menumpahkan air-air tersebut". Dan diriwayatkan dari Sabrah bin Ma'bad dan Abu Asy Syamus bahwa Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam memerintahkan agar memuntahkan makanan. Dan Abu Dzarr berkata dari Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam; "Yaitu agar menumpahkan adonan roti yang dibuat menggunakan air sumur itu
Telah bercerita kepada kami [Ibrahim bin Al Mundzir] telah bercerita kepada kami [Anas bin 'Iyadl] dari ['Ubaidullah] dari [Nafi'] bahwa ['Abdullah bin 'Umar radliallahu 'anhu] mengabarkan kepadanya bahwa ada serombongan orang (Sahabat) yang bepergian bersama Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam kemudian singgah di al-Hijr, negeri Kaum Tsamud, lalu mereka mengambil air dari sumurnya dan membuat adonan roti, maka Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam memerintahkan mereka agar menumpahkan air yang di ambil dari sumurnya dan agar adonan roti dijadikan makanan buat unta dan memerintahkan mereka agar mengambil air dari sumur-sumur yang dilalui oleh unta". Hadits ini diikuti pula oleh [Usamah] dari [Nafi]
Telah bercerita kepadaku [Muhammad] telah mengabarkan kepada kami ['Abdullah] dari [Ma'mar] dari [Az Zuhriy] berkata telah mengabarkan kepadaku [Salim bin 'Abdullah] dari [bapaknya radliallahu 'anhum] bahwa Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam ketika berjalan melewati al-Hijr, Beliau berkata: "Janganlah kalian memasuki tempat tinggal orang-orang yang telah menzhalimi diri mereka sendiri kecuali jika kalian menangis, karena dikhawatirkan kalian terkena musibah sebagaimana mereka mendapatkannya". Kemudian Beliau menutup kepala dan wajah Beliau sedangkan Beliau berada di atas tunggangan