أَمْ كُنتُمْ شُهَدَآءَ إِذْ حَضَرَ يَعْقُوبَ ٱلْمَوْتُ إِذْ قَالَ لِبَنِيهِ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنۢ بَعْدِى قَالُوا۟ نَعْبُدُ إِلَٰهَكَ وَإِلَٰهَ ءَابَآئِكَ إِبْرَٰهِۦمَ وَإِسْمَٰعِيلَ وَإِسْحَٰقَ إِلَٰهًۭا وَٰحِدًۭا وَنَحْنُ لَهُۥ مُسْلِمُونَ
Adakah kamu hadir ketika Ya'qub kedatangan (tanda-tanda) maut, ketika ia berkata kepada anak-anaknya: "Apa yang kamu sembah sepeninggalku?" Mereka menjawab: "Kami akan menyembah Tuhanmu dan Tuhan nenek moyangmu, Ibrahim, Ismail dan Ishaq, (yaitu) Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dan kami hanya tunduk patuh kepada-Nya".
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
Ya`qub's Will and Testament to His Children upon His Death
This Ayah contains Allah's criticism of the Arab pagans among the offspring of Isma`il as well as the disbelievers among the Children of Israel Jacob the son of Isaac, the son of Ibrahim. When death came to Jacob, he advised his children to worship Allah alone without partners. He said to them,
("What will you worship after me" They said, "We shall worship your Ilah (God ـ Allah) the Ilah of your fathers, Ibrahim, Isma`il, Ishaq,")
Mentioning Isma`il here is a figure of speech, because Isma`il is Jacob's uncle. An-Nahas said that the Arabs call the uncle a father, as Al-Qurtubi mentioned).
This Ayah is used as evidence that the grandfather is called a father and inherits, rather than the brothers (i.e. when his son dies), as Abu Bakr asserted, according to Al-Bukhari who narrated Abu Bakr's statement from Ibn `Abbas and Ibn Az-Zubayr. Al-Bukhari then commented that there are no opposing opinions regarding this subject. This is also the opinion of `A'ishah the Mother of the believers, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Tawus and `Ata', Malik, Ash-Shaf`i and Ahmad said that the inheritance is divided between the grandfather and the brothers. It was reported that this was also the opinion of `Umar, `Uthman, `Ali, bin Mas`ud, Zayd bin Thabit and several scholars among the Salaf and later generations.
The statement,
(One Ilah (God)) means, "We single Him out in divinity and do not associate anything or anyone with Him."
(And to Him we submit), in obedience meaning, obedient and submissiveness. Similarly, Allah said,
(While to Him submitted all creatures in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly. And to Him shall they all be returned) (3:83).
Indeed, Islam is the religion of all the Prophets, even if their reispective laws differed. Allah said,
(And We did not send any Messenger before you (O Muhammad ) but We revealed to him (saying): La ilaha illa Ana none has the right to be worshipped but I (Allah), so worship Me (alone and none else)) (21:25).
There are many other Ayat - and Hadiths - on this subject. For instance, the Prophet said,
(We, the Prophets, are brothers with different mothers, but the same religion.)
Allah said,
(That was a nation who has passed away) meaning, existed before your time,
(They shall receive the reward of what they earned and you of what you earn).
This Ayah proclaims, Your relationship to the Prophets or righteous people among your ancestors will not benefit you, unless you perform good deeds that bring about you religious benefit. They have their deeds and you have yours,
(And you will not be asked of what they used to do)."
This is why a Hadith proclaims,
(Whoever was slowed on account of his deeds will not get any faster on account of his family lineage.)'
Hadits Terkait
Dan dengan sanad ini (Yaitu; Telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Abd bin Humaid] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Abdurrazzaq] dari [Ma'mar] dari [Hammam bin Munabbih] dari [Abu Hurairah]) dari Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam: "Lalu orang-orang yang zhalim mengganti perintah dengan (mengerjakan) yang tidak diperintahkan kepada mereka." QS Al-Baqarah: 59, Beliau bersabda: "Mereka berkata; biji dalam rambut." Abu Isa berkata; Hadits ini hasan shahih
Telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Abd bin Humaid] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Yazid bin Harun] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Abdul Malik bin Abu Sulaiman] ia berkata; Aku mendengar [Sa'id bin Jubair] menceritakan dari [Ibnu Umar] ia berkata; Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam pernah shalat sunnah di atas kendaraan beliau kemana pun kendaraan beliau menghadap, ketika itu beliau pergi dari Makkah menuju Madinah. Setelah itu Ibnu Umar membaca ayat ini: "Dan kepunyaan Allah-lah timur dan barat." QS Al-Baqarah: 115. Ibnu Umar berkata; "Berkenaan dengan peristiwa itulah, ayat ini turun." Abu Isa berkata; Hadits ini hasan shahih. Diriwayatkan dari Qatadah, ia berkata tentang ayat ini: Dan kepunyaan Allah-lah timur dan barat, maka kemanapun kamu menghadap di situlah wajah Allah." QS Al-Baqarah: 115 Qatadah berkata; Ayat ini mansukhah, dinasakh dengan firman Allah, "Palingkanlah mukamu ke arah Masjidil Haram." QS Al-Baqarah: 144 yaitu arahnya. Telah menceritakan kepada kami yang demikian itu Muhammad bin Abdul Malik bin Abu Asy Syawarib, telah menceritakan kepada kami Yazid bin Zurai' dari Sa'id dari Qatadah. Dan diriwayatkan pula dari Mujahid tentang ayat ini: "Maka kemanapun kamu menghadap, di situlah wajah Allah." QS Al-Baqarah: 115, ia berkata; "Di sanalah kiblat Allah." Telah menceritakan kepada kami seperti itu Muhammad bin Al Ala` telah menceritakan kepada kami Waki' dari An Nadlr bin Arabi dari Mujahid seperti itu
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Mahmud bin Ghailan] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Waki'] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Asy'ats As Samman] dari ['Ashim bin 'Ubaidullah] dari [Abdullah bin 'Amir bin Rabi'ah] dari [Ayahnya] ia berkata; Kami bersama Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam dalam suatu perjalanan di malam yang gelap, kami tidak tahu mana kiblat, masing-masing dari kami shalat menghadap sesuai arahnya. Di pagi harinya, kami menceritakan hal itu kepada Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam, lalu turunlah ayat: "Maka kemanapun kamu menghadap di situlah wajah Allah." QS Al-Baqarah:
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ahmad bin Mani'] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Husyaim] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Humaid Ath Thawil] dari [Anas] ia berkata; [Umar bin Al Khaththab] radliallahu 'anhu berkata; Aku berkata kepada Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam; "Andai anda menjadikan sebagaian maqam untuk tempat shalat." Kemudian turunlah ayat: "Dan jadikanlah sebahagian maqam Ibrahim tempat shalat." QS Al-Baqarah: 125. Abu Isa berkata; Hadits ini hasan shahih. Dalam hal ini, ada hadits serupa dari Ibnu Umar
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ahmad bin Mani'] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Muawiyah] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Al A'masy] dari [Abu Shalih] dari [Abu Sa'id] dari Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam tentang firman Allah: "Dan demikian (pula) Kami telah menjadikan kamu (umat Islam), umat yang adil dan pilihan agar kamu menjadi saksi atas (perbuatan) manusia." QS Al-Baqarah: 143, beliau bersabda: "Adil." Abu Isa berkata; Hadits ini hasan shahih