سَلْ بَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ كَمْ ءَاتَيْنَٰهُم مِّنْ ءَايَةٍۭ بَيِّنَةٍۢ ۗ وَمَن يُبَدِّلْ نِعْمَةَ ٱللَّهِ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَتْهُ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعِقَابِ
Tanyakanlah kepada Bani Israil: "Berapa banyaknya tanda-tanda (kebenaran) yang nyata, yang telah Kami berikan kepada mereka". Dan barangsiapa yang menukar nikmat Allah setelah datang nikmat itu kepadanya, maka sesungguhnya Allah sangat keras siksa-Nya.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
The Punishment for changing Allah's Favor and mocking the Believers
Allah mentioned that the Children of Israel, were witnesses to many clear signs that attest to the truth of Moses regarding what he was sent with for them. They witnessed his hand (when it became lit with light), his parting the sea, his striking the rock (and water flowed from the rock), the clouds that shaded them during the intense heat, the manna and the quails, and so forth. These signs attested to the existence of the Creator and the truth of Moses by whose hand these signs appeared. Yet, so many among them changed Allah's favor, by preferring disbelief to faith and by ignoring Allah's favors,
(And whoever changes Allah's favor after it had come to him, then surely, Allah is severe in punishment.)
Similarly, Allah said about the disbelievers of Quraysh:
(Have you not seen those who have changed the blessings of Allah into disbelief, and caused their people to dwell in the house of destruction Hell, in which they will burn, ـ and what an evil place to settle in!) (14:28, 29)
Then Allah states that He has made the life of this world beautiful for the disbelievers who are satisfied with it, who collect wealth, but refrain from spending it on what they have been commanded, which could earn them Allah's pleasure. Instead, they ridicule the believers who ignore this life and who spend whatever they earn on what pleases their Lord. The believers spend seeking Allah's Face, and this is why they have gained the ultimate happiness and the best share on the Day of the Return. Therefore, they will be exalted above the disbelievers at the Gathering Place, when they are gathered, during the resurrection and in their final destination. The believers will reside in the highest grades in the utmost highs, while the disbelievers will reside in the lowest of lows (in the Fire).
This is why Allah said:
(And Allah gives to whom He wills without limit.)
This Ayah indicates that Allah gives sustenance to whomever He wills of His servants without count or limit in this and the Hereafter. A Hadith has stated (that Allah said):
(O son of Adam! Spend (in Allah's cause) and I (Allah) will spend on you.) The Prophet said:
(O Bilal! Spend and do not fear deprivation from the Owner of the Throne.)
Allah said:
(...and whatsoever you spend of anything (in Allah's cause), He will replace it.) (34:39) In addition, it is reported in the Sahih (that the Prophet said):
(Every day two angels come down from heavens and one of them says, `O Allah! Compensate every person who spends in Your cause,' and the other (angel) says, `O Allah! Destroy every miser.') Also in the Sahih:
(The son of Adam says, `My money, my money!' Yet, what is your money except that which you eat and use up, wear and tear, and spend in charity and thus keep (in your record). Other than that, it will go away and will be left for the people (the inheritors).)
In addition, Imam Ahmad reported that the Prophet said:
(The Dunya (life of this world) is the residence of those who have no residence, the wealth of those who have no wealth, and it is harvested by those who have no sense of reason.)
Hadits Terkait
Dan dengan sanad ini (Yaitu; Telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Abd bin Humaid] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Abdurrazzaq] dari [Ma'mar] dari [Hammam bin Munabbih] dari [Abu Hurairah]) dari Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam: "Lalu orang-orang yang zhalim mengganti perintah dengan (mengerjakan) yang tidak diperintahkan kepada mereka." QS Al-Baqarah: 59, Beliau bersabda: "Mereka berkata; biji dalam rambut." Abu Isa berkata; Hadits ini hasan shahih
Telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Abd bin Humaid] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Yazid bin Harun] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Abdul Malik bin Abu Sulaiman] ia berkata; Aku mendengar [Sa'id bin Jubair] menceritakan dari [Ibnu Umar] ia berkata; Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam pernah shalat sunnah di atas kendaraan beliau kemana pun kendaraan beliau menghadap, ketika itu beliau pergi dari Makkah menuju Madinah. Setelah itu Ibnu Umar membaca ayat ini: "Dan kepunyaan Allah-lah timur dan barat." QS Al-Baqarah: 115. Ibnu Umar berkata; "Berkenaan dengan peristiwa itulah, ayat ini turun." Abu Isa berkata; Hadits ini hasan shahih. Diriwayatkan dari Qatadah, ia berkata tentang ayat ini: Dan kepunyaan Allah-lah timur dan barat, maka kemanapun kamu menghadap di situlah wajah Allah." QS Al-Baqarah: 115 Qatadah berkata; Ayat ini mansukhah, dinasakh dengan firman Allah, "Palingkanlah mukamu ke arah Masjidil Haram." QS Al-Baqarah: 144 yaitu arahnya. Telah menceritakan kepada kami yang demikian itu Muhammad bin Abdul Malik bin Abu Asy Syawarib, telah menceritakan kepada kami Yazid bin Zurai' dari Sa'id dari Qatadah. Dan diriwayatkan pula dari Mujahid tentang ayat ini: "Maka kemanapun kamu menghadap, di situlah wajah Allah." QS Al-Baqarah: 115, ia berkata; "Di sanalah kiblat Allah." Telah menceritakan kepada kami seperti itu Muhammad bin Al Ala` telah menceritakan kepada kami Waki' dari An Nadlr bin Arabi dari Mujahid seperti itu
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Mahmud bin Ghailan] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Waki'] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Asy'ats As Samman] dari ['Ashim bin 'Ubaidullah] dari [Abdullah bin 'Amir bin Rabi'ah] dari [Ayahnya] ia berkata; Kami bersama Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam dalam suatu perjalanan di malam yang gelap, kami tidak tahu mana kiblat, masing-masing dari kami shalat menghadap sesuai arahnya. Di pagi harinya, kami menceritakan hal itu kepada Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam, lalu turunlah ayat: "Maka kemanapun kamu menghadap di situlah wajah Allah." QS Al-Baqarah:
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ahmad bin Mani'] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Husyaim] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Humaid Ath Thawil] dari [Anas] ia berkata; [Umar bin Al Khaththab] radliallahu 'anhu berkata; Aku berkata kepada Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam; "Andai anda menjadikan sebagaian maqam untuk tempat shalat." Kemudian turunlah ayat: "Dan jadikanlah sebahagian maqam Ibrahim tempat shalat." QS Al-Baqarah: 125. Abu Isa berkata; Hadits ini hasan shahih. Dalam hal ini, ada hadits serupa dari Ibnu Umar
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ahmad bin Mani'] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Muawiyah] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Al A'masy] dari [Abu Shalih] dari [Abu Sa'id] dari Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam tentang firman Allah: "Dan demikian (pula) Kami telah menjadikan kamu (umat Islam), umat yang adil dan pilihan agar kamu menjadi saksi atas (perbuatan) manusia." QS Al-Baqarah: 143, beliau bersabda: "Adil." Abu Isa berkata; Hadits ini hasan shahih