وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُم بِهِۦ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ ٱلنِّسَآءِ أَوْ أَكْنَنتُمْ فِىٓ أَنفُسِكُمْ ۚ عَلِمَ ٱللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ سَتَذْكُرُونَهُنَّ وَلَٰكِن لَّا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا إِلَّآ أَن تَقُولُوا۟ قَوْلًۭا مَّعْرُوفًۭا ۚ وَلَا تَعْزِمُوا۟ عُقْدَةَ ٱلنِّكَاحِ حَتَّىٰ يَبْلُغَ ٱلْكِتَٰبُ أَجَلَهُۥ ۚ وَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِىٓ أَنفُسِكُمْ فَٱحْذَرُوهُ ۚ وَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌۭ
Dan tidak ada dosa bagi kamu meminang wanita-wanita itu dengan sindiran atau kamu menyembunyikan (keinginan mengawini mereka) dalam hatimu. Allah mengetahui bahwa kamu akan menyebut-nyebut mereka, dalam pada itu janganlah kamu mengadakan janji kawin dengan mereka secara rahasia, kecuali sekedar mengucapkan (kepada mereka) perkataan yang ma'ruf. Dan janganlah kamu berazam (bertetap hati) untuk beraqad nikah, sebelum habis 'iddahnya. Dan ketahuilah bahwasanya Allah mengetahui apa yang ada dalam hatimu; maka takutlah kepada-Nya, dan ketahuilah bahwa Allah Maha Pengampun lagi Maha Penyantun.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
Mentioning Marriage indirectly during the `Iddah
Allah said:
(And there is no sin on you) meaning, to indirectly mention marriage to the widow during the term of `Iddah for her deceased husband. Ath-Thawri, Shu`bah and Jarir stated that Ibn `Abbas said:
(And there is no sin on you if you make a hint of betrothal) "means saying, `I want to marry and I am looking for a woman whose qualities are such and such,' thus talking to her in general terms in a way that is better." In another narration (by Ibn `Abbas), "Saying, `I wish that Allah endows me with a wife,' but he should not make a direct marriage proposal." Al-Bukhari reported that Ibn `Abbas said that the Ayah:
(And there is no sin on you if you make a hint of betrothal) means, "The man could say, `I wish to marry,' `I desire a wife,' or, `I wish I could find a good wife'." Mujahid, Tawus, `Ikrimah, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Ibrahim An-Nakha`i, Ash-Sha`bi, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, Az-Zuhri, Yazid bin Qusayt, Muqatil bin Hayyan and Al-Qasim bin Muhammad and several others among the Salaf and the Imams said that one is allowed to mention marriage indirectly to the woman whose husband died. It is also allowed to indirectly mention marriage to a woman who had gone through final, irrevocable divorce. The Prophet ordered Fatimah bint Qays to remain in the house of Ibn Umm Maktum for `Iddah when her husband Abu `Amr bin Hafs divorced her for the third time. He said to her:
(Inform me when your `Iddah term ends.)
When she finished the `Iddah, Usamah bin Zayd, the Prophet's freed slave asked to marry her, and the Prophet married her to him. As for the divorced wife (not irrevocably divorced), there is no disagreement that it is not allowed for other than her husband to mention marriage proposals to her directly or indirectly (before the `Iddah finishes). Allah knows best.
Allah said:
(...or conceal it in yourself,) meaning, if you hide the intention of seeking marriage with them. Similarly, Allah said:
(And your Lord knows what their breasts conceal, and what they reveal) (28:69) and:
(...while I am All-Aware of what you conceal and what you reveal.) (60: 1) So, Allah said here:
(Allah knows that you will remember them) meaning, in your hearts, so He made it easy for you. Allah then said:
(...but do not make a promise (of contract) with them in secret)
`Ali bin Abu Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said that
(but do not make a promise (of contract) with them in secret) means do not say to her, "I am in love (with you)," or, "Promise me you will not marry someone else (after the `Iddah finishes)," and so forth. Sa`id bin Jubayr, Ash-Sha`bi, `Ikrimah, Abu Ad-Duha, Ad-Dahhak, Az-Zuhri, Mujahid and Ath-Thawri said that it (meaning of the Ayah) means taking the woman's promise not to marry someone else.
Afterwards, Allah said:
(...except that you speak an honorable saying.)
Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, As-Suddi, Ath-Thawri and Ibn Zayd said that the Ayah means to indirectly refer to marriage, such as saying, "I desire someone like you." Muhammad bin Sirin said: I asked `Ubaydah about the meaning of Allah's statement:
(. ..except that you speak an honorable saying.) He said, "He says to her Wali, `Do not give her away (in marriage) until you inform me first'." This statement was narrated by Ibn Abu Hatim.
Allah then said:
(And do not be determined on the marriage bond until the term prescribed is fulfilled.) meaning, do not make marriage contracts before the `Iddah finishes. Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ash-Sha`bi, Qatadah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Abu Malik, Zayd bin Aslam, Muqatil bin Hayyan, Az-Zuhri, `Ata' Al-Khurasani, As-Suddi, Ath-Thawri and Ad-Dahhak said that:
(until the term prescribed is fulfilled.) means, `Do not consummate the marriage before the `Iddah term finishes.' The scholars agree that marriage contracts during the `Iddah are invalid.
Allah then said:
(And know that Allah knows what is in your minds, so fear Him.) warning the men against the ideas they conceal in their hearts about women, directing them to think good about them rather than the evil, and Allah would not let them despair of His mercy, as He said:
(And know that Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Forbearing.)
Hadits Terkait
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Bakar bin Abi Syaibah] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu al-Ahwash] dari [Abu Ishaq] dari [al-Bara' bin 'Azib] dia berkata, "Aku shalat bersama Nabi Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam menghadap Baitul Maqdis selama enam belas bulan hingga turun ayat tersebut yang ada dalam surat al-Baqarah, "Dan di mana pun kamu berada maka palingkanlah wajah-wajahmu ke arahnya." (QS.Albaqarah 124), ayat tersebut turun setelah Nabi Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam shalat, lalu seorang laki-laki dari suatu kaum bertolak pergi, lalu dia berjalan bersama beberapa manusia dari kalangan Anshar, dan mereka shalat, lalu beliau menceritakannya kepada mereka, maka mereka menghadapkan wajah-wajah mereka ke Baitullah
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Yahya bin Yahya] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Husyaim] dari [Ismail bin Abi Khalid] dari [al-Harits bin Syubail] dari [Abu Amru asy-Syaibani] dari [Zaid bin Arqam] dia berkata, "Dahulu kami bercakap-cakap dalam shalat. Seorang laki-laki bercakap-cakap dengan teman di sampingnya dalam keadaan shalat, hingga turun ayat, '...Shalatlah kamu karena Allah dengan khusyu'. (Al-Baqarah: 238). Lalu kami disuruh diam, dan dilarang bercakap-cakap'." Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Bakar bin Abi Syaibah] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abdullah bin Numair] dan [Waki'] dia berkata, --Lewat jalur periwayatan lain-- dan telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ishaq bin Ibrahim] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Isa bin Yunus] mereka meriwayatkan dari [Ismail bin Abi Khalid] dengan isnad ini hadits semisalnya
Telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Abu Bakr bin Ishaq] dia berkata; Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Zaid Sa'id bin Ar-Rabi'] dia berkata; Telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Ali bin Al Mubarak] dari [Yahya bin Abu Katsir] dia berkata; Telah menceritakan kepadaku [Abu Hafshah] -budak 'Aisyah- bahwasanya ['Aisyah] mengabarkan kepadanya bahwa pada masa Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam terjadi gerhana matahari, maka beliau berwudlu lalu memerintahkan untuk menyeru, 'Ash-Shalatul Jami'ah'. Lalu beliau berdiri dan memperlama berdirinya saat shalat." Kemudian Aisyah berkata; 'Aku memperkirakan beliau membaca surah Al-Baqarah, kemudian beliau ruku' dengan ruku' yang lama, lalu mengucapakan Sami' Allahu Liman Hamidah. Kemudian beliau berdiri seperti berdirinya semula tanpa sujud, lalu ruku' lagi dan sujud lagi. Kemudian berdiri dan berbuat seperti yang diperbuat pada dua ruku' dan satu kali sujud yang pertama. Lantas beliau duduk, sedangkan matahari telah terang
Dan dengan sanad ini (Yaitu; Telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Abd bin Humaid] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Abdurrazzaq] dari [Ma'mar] dari [Hammam bin Munabbih] dari [Abu Hurairah]) dari Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam: "Lalu orang-orang yang zhalim mengganti perintah dengan (mengerjakan) yang tidak diperintahkan kepada mereka." QS Al-Baqarah: 59, Beliau bersabda: "Mereka berkata; biji dalam rambut." Abu Isa berkata; Hadits ini hasan shahih
Telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Abd bin Humaid] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Yazid bin Harun] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Abdul Malik bin Abu Sulaiman] ia berkata; Aku mendengar [Sa'id bin Jubair] menceritakan dari [Ibnu Umar] ia berkata; Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam pernah shalat sunnah di atas kendaraan beliau kemana pun kendaraan beliau menghadap, ketika itu beliau pergi dari Makkah menuju Madinah. Setelah itu Ibnu Umar membaca ayat ini: "Dan kepunyaan Allah-lah timur dan barat." QS Al-Baqarah: 115. Ibnu Umar berkata; "Berkenaan dengan peristiwa itulah, ayat ini turun." Abu Isa berkata; Hadits ini hasan shahih. Diriwayatkan dari Qatadah, ia berkata tentang ayat ini: Dan kepunyaan Allah-lah timur dan barat, maka kemanapun kamu menghadap di situlah wajah Allah." QS Al-Baqarah: 115 Qatadah berkata; Ayat ini mansukhah, dinasakh dengan firman Allah, "Palingkanlah mukamu ke arah Masjidil Haram." QS Al-Baqarah: 144 yaitu arahnya. Telah menceritakan kepada kami yang demikian itu Muhammad bin Abdul Malik bin Abu Asy Syawarib, telah menceritakan kepada kami Yazid bin Zurai' dari Sa'id dari Qatadah. Dan diriwayatkan pula dari Mujahid tentang ayat ini: "Maka kemanapun kamu menghadap, di situlah wajah Allah." QS Al-Baqarah: 115, ia berkata; "Di sanalah kiblat Allah." Telah menceritakan kepada kami seperti itu Muhammad bin Al Ala` telah menceritakan kepada kami Waki' dari An Nadlr bin Arabi dari Mujahid seperti itu