إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍۢ ۖ وَإِن تَكُ حَسَنَةًۭ يُضَٰعِفْهَا وَيُؤْتِ مِن لَّدُنْهُ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًۭا
Sesungguhnya Allah tidak menganiaya seseorang walaupun sebesar zarrah, dan jika ada kebajikan sebesar zarrah, niscaya Allah akan melipat gandakannya dan memberikan dari sisi-Nya pahala yang besar.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
Allah Wrongs Not Even the Weight of a Speck of Dust
Allah states that He does not treat any of His servants with injustice on the Day of Resurrection, be it the weight of a mustard seed or a speck of dust. Rather, Allah shall reward them for this action and multiply it, if it were a good deed. For instance, Allah said,
وَنَضَعُ الْمَوَزِينَ الْقِسْطَ
(And We shall set up balances of justice) Allah said that Luqman said,
يبُنَىَّ إِنَّهَآ إِن تَكُ مِثْقَالَ حَبَّةٍ مِّنْ خَرْدَلٍ فَتَكُنْ فِى صَخْرَةٍ أَوْ فِى السَّمَـوَتِ أَوْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ يَأْتِ بِهَا اللَّهُ
(O my son! If it be (anything) equal to the weight of a mustard seed, and though it be in a rock, or in the heavens or in the earth, Allah will bring it forth). Allah said,
يَوْمَئِذٍ يَصْدُرُ النَّاسُ أَشْتَاتاً لِّيُرَوْاْ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ - فَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْراً يَرَهُ - وَمَن يَعْـمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرّاً يَرَهُ
(That Day mankind will proceed in scattered groups that they may be shown their deeds. So whosoever does good equal to the weight of a speck of dust shall see it. And whosoever does evil equal to the weight of a speck of dust shall see it.) The Two Sahihs recorded the long Hadith about the intercession that Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri narrated, and in which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«فَيَقُولُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: ارْجِعُوا، فَمَنْ وَجَدْتُمْ فِي قَلْبِهِ مِثْقَالَ حَبَّةِ خَرْدَلٍ مِنْ إِيمَانٍ، فَأَخْرِجُوهُ مِنَ النَّار»
(Allah then says, "Go back, and take out of the Fire everyone in whose heart you find the weight of a mustard seed of faith") In another narration, Allah says, وفي لفظ:
«أَدْنَى أَدْنَى أَدْنَى مِثْقَالِ ذَرَّةٍ مِنْ إِيمَانٍ، فَأَخْرِجُوهُ مِنَ النَّارِ، فَيُخْرِجُونَ خَلْقًا كَثِيرًا»
("Whosoever had the least, least, least speck of faith, take him out of the Fire," and they will take out many people.) Abu Sa`id then said, "Read, if you will,
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَظْلِمُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ
(Surely! Allah wrongs not even of the weight of a speck of dust)."
Will Punishment be Diminished for the Disbelievers
Sa`id bin Jubayr commented about Allah's statement,
وَإِن تَكُ حَسَنَةً يُضَـعِفْهَا
(but if there is any good (done), He doubles it,) "As for the disbeliever, his punishment will be lessened for him on the Day of Resurrection, but he will never depart the Fire." He used as evidence the authentic Hadith in which Al-`Abbas said, "O Messenger of Allah! Your uncle Abu Talib used to protect and support you, did you benefit him at all" The Messenger ﷺ said,
«نَعَمْ هُوَ فِي ضَحْضَاحٍ مِنْ نَارٍ، وَلَوْلَا أَنَا، لَكَانَ فِي الدَّرْكِ الْأَسْفَلِ مِنَ النَّار»
(Yes. He is in a shallow area in Hell-fire, and were it not for me, he would have been in the deepest depths of the Fire.) However, this Hadith only applies to Abu Talib, not the rest of the disbelievers. To support this, we mention what Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi recorded in his Musnad that Anas said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«إِنَّ اللهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ الْمُؤْمِنَ حَسَنَةً، يُثَابُ عَلَيْهَا الرِّزْقَ فِي الدُّنْيَا، وَيُجْزَى بِهَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ، وَأَمَّا الْكَافِرُ فَيُطْعَمُ بِهَا فِي الدُّنْيَا، فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ حَسَنَة»
(Allah does not wrong the faithful even concerning one good action, for he will be rewarded for it by provision in this life and awarded for it in the Hereafter. As for the disbeliever, he will be provided provision in this life for his good action, and on the Day of Resurrection, he will not have any good deed.)
What Does `Great Reward' Mean
Abu Hurayrah, `Ikrimah, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and Ad-Dahhak said that Allah's statement,
وَيُؤْتِ مِن لَّدُنْهُ أَجْراً عَظِيماً
(and gives from Him a great reward.) refers to Paradise. We ask Allah for His pleasure and Paradise. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Abu `Uthman An-Nahdi said, "No other person accompanied Abu Hurayrah more than I. One year, he went to Hajj before me, and I found the people of Al-Basrah saying that he narrated that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying,
«إِنَّ اللهَ يُضَاعِفُ الْحَسَنَةَ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ حَسَنَة»
(Allah rewards the good deed with a million deeds.) So I said, `Woe to you! No person accompanied Abu Hurayrah more than I, and I never heard him narrate this Hadith!' When I wanted to meet him, I found that he had left for Hajj so I followed him to Hajj to ask him about this Hadith." Ibn Abi Hatim also recorded this Hadith using another chain of narration leading to Abu `Uthman. In this narration, Abu `Uthman said, "I said, `O Abu Hurayrah! I heard my brethren in Al-Basrah claim that you narrated that you heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying,
«إِنَّ اللهَ يَجْزِي بِالْحَسَنَةِ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ حَسَنَة»
(Allah rewards the good deed with a million deeds.) Abu Hurayrah said, `By Allah! I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying,
«إِنَّ اللهَ يَجْزِي بِالْحَسَنَةِ أَلْفَيْ أَلْفِ حَسَنَة»
(Allah rewards the good deed with two million deeds.) He then recited this Ayah,
فَمَا مَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ إِلاَّ قَلِيلٌ
(But little is the enjoyment of the life of this world as compared to the Hereafter)."
Our Prophet will be a Witness Against, or For his Ummah on the Dayof Resurrection, When the Disbelievers Will Wish for Death
Allah said,
فَكَيْفَ إِذَا جِئْنَا مِن كُلِّ أمَّةٍ بِشَهِيدٍ وَجِئْنَا بِكَ عَلَى هَـؤُلاءِ شَهِيداً
(How (will it be) then, when We bring from each nation a witness and We bring you (O Muhammad) as a witness against these people) Allah describes the horrors, hardships and difficulties of the Day of Resurrection, saying, how would it be on that Day when there will be a witness from every nation, meaning the Prophets, just as Allah said;
وَأَشْرَقَتِ الاٌّرْضُ بِنُورِ رَبِّهَا وَوُضِعَ الْكِتَـبُ وَجِـىءَ بِالنَّبِيِّيْنَ وَالشُّهَدَآءِ
(And the earth will shine with the light of its Lord, and the Book will be placed (open); and the Prophets and the witnesses will be brought forward), and,
وَيَوْمَ نَبْعَثُ فِى كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ شَهِيدًا عَلَيْهِمْ مِّنْ أَنفُسِهِمْ
(And (remember) the Day when We shall raise up from every nation a witness against them from amongst themselves). Al-Bukhari recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me, `Recite to me.' I said, `O Messenger of Allah! Should I recite (the Qur'an) to you, while it was revealed to you' He said, `Yes, for I like to hear it from other people.' I recited Surat An-Nisa' until I reached this Ayah,
فَكَيْفَ إِذَا جِئْنَا مِن كُلِّ أمَّةٍ بِشَهِيدٍ وَجِئْنَا بِكَ عَلَى هَـؤُلاءِ شَهِيداً
(How (will it be) then, when We bring from each nation a witness and We bring you (O Muhammad) as a witness against these people) He then said, `Stop now.' I found that his eyes were tearful." Allah's statement,
يَوْمَئِذٍ يَوَدُّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَعَصَوُاْ الرَّسُولَ لَوْ تُسَوَّى بِهِمُ الاٌّرْضُ وَلاَ يَكْتُمُونَ اللَّهَ حَدِيثاً
(On that day those who disbelieved and disobeyed the Messenger will wish that they were buried in the earth, but they will never be able to hide a single fact from Allah.) means, they will wish that the earth would open up and swallow them because of the horror of the gathering place and the disgrace, dishonor and humiliation they will suffer on that Day. This is similar to Allah's statement,
يَوْمَ يَنظُرُ الْمَرْءُ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ
(The Day when man will see that (the deeds) which his hands have sent forth) Allah then said,
وَلاَ يَكْتُمُونَ اللَّهَ حَدِيثاً
(but they will never be able to hide a single fact from Allah.) indicating that they will admit to everything they did and will not hide any of it. `Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Sa`id bin Jubayr said, "A man came to Ibn `Abbas and said to him, `There are things that confuse me in the Qur'an.' Ibn `Abbas said, `What things do you have doubts about in the Qur'an' He said, `Not doubts, but rather confusing things.' Ibn `Abbas said, `Tell me what caused you confusion.' He said, `I hear Allah's statement,
ثُمَّ لَمْ تَكُنْ فِتْنَتُهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن قَالُواْ وَاللَّهِ رَبِّنَا مَا كُنَّا مُشْرِكِينَ
(There will then be no test for them but to say: "By Allah, our Lord, we were not those who joined others in worship with Allah.") but He also says,
وَلاَ يَكْتُمُونَ اللَّهَ حَدِيثاً
(but they will never be able to hide a single fact from Allah.) They have indeed hid something.' Ibn `Abbas said, `As for Allah's statement,
ثُمَّ لَمْ تَكُنْ فِتْنَتُهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن قَالُواْ وَاللَّهِ رَبِّنَا مَا كُنَّا مُشْرِكِينَ
(There will then be no test for them but to say: "By Allah, our Lord, we were not those who joined others in worship with Allah."), when they see that on the Day of Resurrection that Allah does not forgive, except for the people of Islam, and that He forgives the sins, no matter how big they are, except Shirk, then the Mushriks will lie. They will say,
وَاللَّهِ رَبِّنَا مَا كُنَّا مُشْرِكِينَ
("By Allah, our Lord, we were not those who joined others in worship with Allah."), hoping that Allah will forgive them. However, Allah will then seal their mouths, and their hands and feet will disclose what they used to do. Then,
يَوَدُّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَعَصَوُاْ الرَّسُولَ لَوْ تُسَوَّى بِهِمُ الاٌّرْضُ وَلاَ يَكْتُمُونَ اللَّهَ حَدِيثاً
(those who disbelieved and disobeyed the Messenger will wish that they were buried in the earth, but they will never be able to hide a single fact from Allah. )"'
Hadits Terkait
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Qutaibah bin Sa'id] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Laits]. (dalam jalur lain disebutkan) Dan telah menceritakan kepada kami [Muhammad bin Rumh] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [al-Laits] dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari [Ibnu al-Musayyab] bahwa dia mendengar [Abu Hurairah] mengatakan, "Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Demi Dzat yang jiwaku berada di tangan-Nya! Sungguh, kedatangan Isa bin Mariam kepada kalian untuk menjadi hakim secara adil akan segera tiba. Dia akan mematahkan salib, membunuh babi serta menghapuskan jizyah (dari orang kafir). Harta akan melimpah ruah, sehingga tidak ada seorang pun yang ingin menerimanya." Dan telah menceritakannya kepada kami [Abdul A'la bin Hammad] dan [Abu Bakar bin Abu Syaibah] dan [Zuhair bin Harb] mereka berkata; telah menceritakan kepada kami [Sufyan bin Uyainah]. (dalam riwayat lain disebutkan) Dan telah menceritakannya kepadaku tentangnya [Harmalah bin Yahya] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Ibnu Wahab] dia berkata, telah menceritakan kepadaku [Yunus]. (dalam riwayat lain disebutkan) Dan telah menceritakan kepada kami [Hasan al-Hulwani] dan ['Abd bin Humaid] dari [Ya'qub bin Ibrahim bin Sa'id] telah menceritakan kepada kami [ayahku] dari [Shalih] seluruhnya dari [Az-Zuhri] dengan isnad ini. Dan dalam riwayat Ibnu Uyainah disebutkan, "Sebagai imam yang adil dan hakim yang adil." Sedangkan dalam riwayat Yunus, "Sebagai hakim yang adil, " dan tidak menyebutkan, "imam yang adil." Sedangkan dalam riwayat Shalih, "Hakim yang adil." Sebagaimana dikatakan al-Laits, dan dalam haditsnya terdapat tambahan, "hingga satu sujud lebih baik daripada dunia dan seisinya." Kemudian Abu Hurairah berkata, "Bacalah jika kalian berkehendak: '(Tidak ada seorang pun dari Ahli Kitab, kecuali akan beriman kepadanya (Isa) sebelum kematiannya) ' (Qs. an-Nisaa':)
Telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Muhammad bin Adam] dari [Hafsh bin ghiyats] dari [Al A'la bin Al Musayyab] dari [Amr bin Murrah] dari [Thalhah bin Yazid] dari [Hudzaifah] dan [Al A'masy] dari [Sa'd bin Ubaidah] dari [Al Mustawrid Al Ahnaf] dari [Shilah bin Zufar] dari [Hudzaifah] bahwa Nabi Shallallallahu'alaihi wasallam pernah membaca surat Al Baqarah, Ali 'Imraan, dan An-Nisaa' dalam satu rakaat. Beliau Shallallallahu'alaihi wasallam tidak melewati (membaca) ayat yang berkenaan dengan rahmat kecuali beliau berdoa, dan tidak melewati (membaca) ayat yang berkenaan dengan adzab kecuali beliau memohon perlindungan kepada-Nya
Telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Ishaq bin Ibrahim] dia berkata; telah memberitakan kepada kami [Jarir] dari [Al A'masy] dari [Sa'ad bin 'Ubaidah] dari [Al Mustaurid bin Al Ahnaf] dari [Shilah bin Zufar] dari [Hudzaifah] dia berkata; "Pada suatu malam aku mengerjakan shalat bersama Rasulullah Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam, beliau mulai dengan membaca surat Al Baqarah. Beliau telah membaca seratus ayat dan belum ruku lalu tetap membacanya." Hudzaifah berkata; "Beliau menyelesaikannya pada dua rakaat, lantas berlalu." Hudzaifah berkata lagi; "Beliau menyelesaikannya kemudian ruku' dan terus berlalu hinggga beliau membaca surat An-Nisaa', kemudian membaca surat Ali 'Imraan, lalu ruku' yang lamanya seperti berdiri. Saat ruku' beliau mengucapkan, 'Subhana rabbiyal 'adzimi, subhana rabbiyal 'adzimi, subhana rabbiyal 'adzimi (Maha suci Tuhan-ku yang Maha Agung) '. Lalu beliau mengangkat kepala sambil mengucapkan, 'Sami'allahu liman hamidah rabbana lakal hamdu (Allah Maha mendengar orang yang memuji-Nya, segala puji untuk-Mu) '. Beliau memperpanjang berdirinya kemudian sujud, dan beliau memperlama sujudnya sambil mengucapkan, 'Subhana rabbiyal a'laa, subhana rabbiyal a'laa, subhana rabbiyal a'laa (Maha Suci Tuhanku yang Maha Tinggi) '. Beliau Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam tidak melalui ayat ancaman atau pengagungan Allah Azza wa Jalla kecuali beliau Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam berdzikir kepada-Nya
Telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Ishaq bin Ibrahim] dia berkata; telah memberitakan kepada kami ['Abdullah bin Idris] dia berkata; telah memberitakan kepada kami [Ibnu Juraij] dari [Ibnu Abu 'Ammar] dari ['Abdullah bin Babaih] dari [Ya'la bin Umayyah] dia berkata;? ku pernah bertanya kepada ['Umar bin Al Khaththab] tentang ayat, 'Tidaklah apa-apa bagi kalian untuk mengqashar/meringkas shalat jika kalian takut (khawatir) diserang orang-orang kafir'. (Qs. An-Nisaa' (4): 101), bukankah sekarang manusia sudah merasa aman?!" Lalu Umar menjawab, "Aku juga heran seperti kamu, dan aku juga pernah bertanya kepada Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam seperti itu? Beliau menjawab: 'Itu sedekah yang Allah sedekahkan kepada kalian, maka terimalah sedekah-Nya
Telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Ibrahim bin Ya'qub] dia berkata; telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu An Nu'man] dia berkata; telah menceritakan kepada kami [Hammad bin Salamah] dari ['Ashim Al Ahwal] dari [Abu Mijlaz] bahwasanya [Abu Musa] pernah berada di antara Makkah dan Madinah, dia shalat Isya' dua rakaat, kemudian berdiri, lalu shalat satu rakaat sebagai witir dengan membaca seratus ayat dari surah An-Nisaa'. Kemudian dia berkata: "Aku tidak menyia-nyiakan untuk menapakkan telapak kakiku dimana Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam menapakkan telapak kakinya, dan aku membaca sebagaimana Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam membacanya