قُل لِّلْمُخَلَّفِينَ مِنَ ٱلْأَعْرَابِ سَتُدْعَوْنَ إِلَىٰ قَوْمٍ أُو۟لِى بَأْسٍۢ شَدِيدٍۢ تُقَٰتِلُونَهُمْ أَوْ يُسْلِمُونَ ۖ فَإِن تُطِيعُوا۟ يُؤْتِكُمُ ٱللَّهُ أَجْرًا حَسَنًۭا ۖ وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوْا۟ كَمَا تَوَلَّيْتُم مِّن قَبْلُ يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًۭا
Katakanlah kepada orang-orang Badwi yang tertinggal: "Kamu akan diajak untuk (memerangi) kaum yang mempunyai kekuatan yang besar, kamu akan memerangi mereka atau mereka menyerah (masuk Islam). Maka jika kamu patuhi (ajakan itu) niscaya Allah akan memberikan kepadamu pahala yang baik dan jika kamu berpaling sebagaimana kamu telah berpaling sebelumnya, niscaya Dia akan mengazab kamu dengan azab yang pedih".
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
Allah conveys the News that there will be Many Cases of Jihad, and that Jihad distinguishes the Ranks of the Believers and exposes the Hypocrite
Scholars of Tafsir differ over who the people mentioned here are. They are people experienced at warfare who will be called to fight. There are many opinions, first, they are the tribe of Hawazin, as Shu`bah narrated from Abu Bishr from Sa`id bin Jubayr, or `Ikrimah, or both of them. Hushaym narrated this explanation from Abu Bishr, from both Sa`id bin Jubayr and `Ikrimah. Qatadah, as narrated from him in one version, held the same view. The second view is that these people are the tribe of Thaqif, according to Ad-Dahhak. The third view is that they are Banu Hanifah, according to Juwaybir and Az-Zuhri, as Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated from him. Similar was narrated from Sa`id bin Jubayr and `Ikrimah. The fourth opinion is that they are the Persians, according to `Ali bin Abi Talhah who reported that from `Abdullah bin `Abbas. This is also the view of `Ata', Mujahid, and `Ikrimah. Ka`b Al-Ahbar said that they are the Romans, while Ibn Abi Layla, `Ata, Al-Hasan and Qatadah -- in a different narration from him, said that they are the Persians and Romans. Mujahid also said that they are the idolators. In another narration Mujahid said, "They are men given to great warfare," and did not specify any particular people. This last explanation is the view preferred by Ibn Jurayj and Ibn Jarir. Allah's statement,
(Then you shall fight them, or they shall surrender.) means, `you are called to fight them in Jihad, through constant warfare, until you become victorious over them or they surrender. Or, they will embrace your religion without a fight, but with their full consent.' Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said next,
(Then if you obey,) `if you accept the call to Jihad and prepare for it and fulfill your duty in this regard,'
(Allah will give you a fair reward; but if you turn away as you turned away before,) `on the day of Al-Hudaybiyyah, when you were called to Jihad, yet lagged behind,'
(He will punish you with a painful torment.)
Acceptable Reasons for not joining Jihad
Allah then mentions the legal reasons that allow one to be excused from joining the Jihad, such as blindness and being lame, and various illnesses that strike one and are remedied in few days. When one is ill, he is allowed to remain behind and will have a valid excuse to do so, until his illness ends. Allah the Exalted and Most honored then said, while ordaining joining the Jihad and obeying Allah and His Messenger ,
(And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, He will admit him to Gardens beneath which rivers flow; and whosoever turns back,) from joining the Jihad and busies himself in his livelihood,
(He will punish him with a painful torment.) in this life with humiliation and in the Hereafter with the Fire. Allah the Exalted has the best knowledge.
Hadits Terkait
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Bakar bin Abi Syaibah] dan [Abu Kuraib] keduanya berkata, "Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Muawiyah] dari [al-A'masy] dari [Muslim] dari [Masruq] dari [Aisyah] dia berkata, "Dahulu Rasulullah Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam sebelum meninggal memperbanyak membaca doa, 'SUBHAANAKA WABIHAMDIKA ASTAGHFIRUKA WA ATUUBU ILAIKA Mahasuci Engkau, dan dengan memujiMu, aku meminta ampun dan bertaubat kepadaMu'." Aisyah berkata, "Aku berkata, 'Wahai Rasulullah, kalimat inikah yang aku melihatmu barusan membacanya? ' Beliau menjawab, 'Telah dijadikan suatu tanda untukku dalam umatku, apabila aku melihatnya niscaya aku mengucapkannya, 'Idza Ja'a Nashrullah wa al-Fath…hingga akhir surat
Telah menceritakan kepadaku [Muhammad bin Rafi'] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Yahya bin Adam] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Mufadhdhal] dari [al-A'masy] dari [Muslim bin Shubaih] dari [Masruq] dari [Aisyah ra] dia berkata, "Tidaklah aku melihat Nabi Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam sejak beliau diberi wahyu, 'Idza Ja'a Nashrullah wa al-Fath' melakukan shalat, melainkan beliau berdoa atau mengucapkan di dalamnya, 'SUBHAANAKA ROBBII WABIHAMDIKA ALLOOHUMMAGH FIRLII Mahasuci Engkau wahai Rabbku dan dengan memujiMu, ya Allah, ampunilah aku
Telah bercerita kepada kami ['Abdullah bin Muhammad] telah bercerita kepada kami [Yahya bin Adam] telah bercerita kepada kami [Yazid bin 'Abdul 'Aziz] dari [bapaknya] telah bercerita kepada kami [Habib bin Abu Tsabit] berkata telah bercerita kepadaku [Abu Wa'il] berkata; Kami terlibat dalam perang Shiffiin lalu [Sahal bin Hunaif] berkata; "Wahai sekalian manusia, berhati-hatilah kalian dengan diri kalian. Sungguh kami pernah bersama Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam pada hari Perjanjian Hudaibiyah. Seandainya saat itu kami berpendapat untuk perang pasti kami sudah berperang hingga datang 'Umar bin Al Khaththab seraya berkata; "Wahai Rasulullah, bukankah kita berada di atas kebenaran sedangkan mereka di atas kebathilan?". Beliau Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam menjawab: "Ya, benar". Lalu dia bertanya lagi; "Bukankah siapa yang gugur diantara kita akan masuk surga sedang orang yang tewas dari mereka akan masuk neraka?". Beliau Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam menjawab: "Ya, benar". 'Umar bertanya; "Lalu atas dasar alasan apa kita menimpakan kehinaan dalam agama kita ini, apakah kita akan pulang sedangkan Allah belum memutuskan perkara antara kita dan mereka?". Maka Beliau menjawab: "Wahai putra Al Khaththab, aku ini Rasulullah dan Allah sekali-kali tidak akan menyia-nyiakan aku selamanya". Kemudian 'Umar mendatangi Abu Bakr lalu mengatakan seperti yang dia katakan kepada Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam. Maka Abu Bakr berkata; "Beliau itu Rasulullah dan Allah sekali-kali tidak akan menyia-nyiakan Beliau selamanya". Maka kemudian turunlah surah al-Fath lalu Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam membacakannya kepada 'Umar hingga akhir surat. Lalu 'Umar bertanya; "Wahai Rasulullah, apakah (keputusan) ini tanda kemenangan?". Beliau menjawab: "Ya