أَفَرَءَيْتَ ٱلَّذِى تَوَلَّىٰ
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Tafsir Ibn Kathir
Chastising Those Who disobey Allah and stop giving Charity
Allah the Exalted chastises those who turn away from His obedience,
فَلاَ صَدَّقَ وَلاَ صَلَّى - وَلَـكِن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّى
(So he (the disbeliever) neither believed nor prayed! But on the contrary, he belied and turned away!)(75:31-32),
وَأَعْطَى قَلِيلاً وَأَكْدَى
(And gave a little, then stopped) Ibn `Abbas said, "Gave a little, then stopped giving." Similar was said by Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Ikrimah, Qatadah and several others. `Ikrimah and Sa`id said: "Like the case of a people who dig a well, during the course of which they find a rock preventing them from completing their work. So they say, `We are finished' and they abandon the work." Allah's statement,
أَعِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ الْغَيْبِ فَهُوَ يَرَىٰ
(Is with him the knowledge of the Unseen so that he sees) means, does this person, who stopped giving for fear of poverty and ended his acts of charity have knowledge of the Unseen and thus knows that if he does not stop giving, his wealth will go away No. Such a person has stopped giving in charity for righteous causes and did not keep relations with kith and kin because of his miserliness, being stingy and out of fear of poverty. The Prophet said in a Hadith,
«أَنْفِقْ بِلَالُ، وَلَا تَخْشَ مِنْ ذِي الْعَرْشِ إِقْلَالًا»
(O Bilal, spend and fear not less provisions from the Owner of the Thone.) Allah the Exalted and Most honored said,
وَمَآ أَنفَقْتُمْ مِّن شَىْءٍ فَهُوَ يُخْلِفُهُ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ
(And whatsoever you spend of anything (in Allah's cause), He will replace it. And He is the Best of providers.)(34:39)
The Meaning of `fulfilled
Allah the Exalted said,
أَمْ لَمْ يُنَبَّأْ بِمَا فِى صُحُفِ مُوسَى - وَإِبْرَهِيمَ الَّذِى وَفَّى
(Or is he not informed with what is in the Suhuf of Musa. And of Ibrahim who fulfilled), Sa`id bin Jubayr and Ath-Thawri said it means: "Conveyed all that he was ordered to convey." Ibn `Abbas said about:
وَفَّى
(fulfilled) "He delivered all that Allah ordered him to deliver." Sa`id bin Jubayr said about:
وَفَّى
(fulfilled), "What he was ordered." Qatadah said about:
وَفَّى
(fulfilled), "He obeyed Allah and delivered His Message to His creatures." This is the view preferred by Ibn Jarir because it includes the statement before it and supports it. Allah said,
وَإِذِ ابْتَلَى إِبْرَهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَـتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ قَالَ إِنِّى جَـعِلُكَ لِلنَّاسِ إِمَامًا
(And (remember) when the Lord of Ibrahim tried him with (certain) commands, which he fulfilled. He said: "Verily, I am going to make you an Imam (a leader) for mankind.")(2:124) Therefore, Ibrahim fulfilled all the commands of his Lord, stayed away from all the prohibitions, and conveyed Allah's Message in its entirety. Therefore, he is worthy of being made a leader for mankind in all of his affairs, statements and actions. Allah the Exalted said,
ثُمَّ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ أَنِ اتَّبِعْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ
(Then, We have sent the revelation to you (saying): "Follow the religion of Ibrahim, a Hanif, and he was not of the idolators.")(16:123)
None shall carry the Burden of Any Other on the Day of Resurrection
Allah the Exalted explained what He has revealed in the Scripture of Ibrahim and Musa,
أَلاَّ تَزِرُ وَزِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى
(That no burdened person shall bear the burden of another.) Meaning, every soul shall carry its own injustices, whether disbelief or sin, and none else shall carry its burden of sin, as Allah states
وَإِن تَدْعُ مُثْقَلَةٌ إِلَى حِمْلِهَا لاَ يُحْمَلْ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى
(And if one heavily laden calls another to (bear) his load, nothing of it will be lifted even though he be near of kin.)(35:18) Allah said,
وَأَن لَّيْسَ لِلإِنسَـنِ إِلاَّ مَا سَعَى
(And that man can have nothing but what he does.) So just as no soul shall carry the burden of any other, the soul shall only benefit from the good that one earns for himself. As for the Hadith recorded by Muslim in the Sahih, that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«إِذَا مَاتَ الْإِنْسَانُ انْقَطَعَ عَمَلُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ: مِنْ وَلَدٍ صَالِحٍ يَدْعُو لَهُ، أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ جَارِيَةٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، أَوْ عِلْمٍ يُنْتَفَعُ بِه»
(When a person dies, his deeds will cease except in three cases: from a righteous son who invokes Allah for him, or an ongoing charity after his death, or knowledge that people benefit from.) These three things are, in reality, a result of one's own deeds, efforts and actions. For example, a Hadith states,
«إِنَّ أَطْيَبَ مَا أَكَلَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ كَسْبِهِ، وَإِنَّ وَلَدَهُ مِنْ كَسْبِه»
(Verily, the best type of provision that one consumes is from what he himself has earned, and one's offspring are among what he has earned.) The ongoing charity that one leaves behind, like an endowment, for example, are among the traces of his own actions and deeds. Allah the Exalted said,
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نُحْىِ الْمَوْتَى وَنَكْتُبُ مَاَ قَدَّمُواْ وَءَاثَارَهُمْ
(Verily, We give life to the dead, and We record that which they send before (them) and their traces.)(36:12) The knowledge that one spreads among people which they are guided by is among his actions and deeds. A Hadith collected in the Sahih states,
«مَنْ دَعَا إِلَى هُدًى كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَجْرِ مِثْلُ أُجُورِ مَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ، مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنْ أُجُورِهِمْ شَيْئًا»
(Whoever invites to guidance, he will earn as much reward as those who follow him, without decreasing anything out of their own rewards.) Allah said,
وَأَنَّ سَعْيَهُ سَوْفَ يُرَى
(And that his deeds will be seen.) meaning, on the Day of Resurrection,
وَقُلِ اعْمَلُواْ فَسَيَرَى اللَّهُ عَمَلَكُمْ وَرَسُولُهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَسَتُرَدُّونَ إِلَى عَـلِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَـدَةِ فَيُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
(And say: "Do deeds! Allah will see your deeds, and (so will) His Messenger and the believers. And you will be brought back to the All-Knower of the unseen and the seen. Then He will inform you of what you used to do.")(9:105), Then Allah will remind you of your actions and recompense you for them in the best manner, good for good and evil for evil. Allah's statement here,
ثُمَّ يُجْزَاهُ الْجَزَآءَ الأَوْفَى
(Then he will be recompensed with a full and the best recompense.)
Hadits Terkait
Dan telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ibnu Numair] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Usamah] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Zakariya'] dari [Ibnu Asywa'] dari [Amir] dari [Masruq] dia berkata, "Aku berkata kepada [Aisyah], 'Lalu kita apakah firman Allah: '(Kemudian dia mendekat, lalu bertambah dekat lagi, maka jadilah dia dekat (pada Muhammad sejarak) dua ujung busur panah atau lebih dekat (lagi). Lalu dia menyampaikan kepada hambaNya (Muhammad) apa yang telah Allah wahyukan) ' (Qs. an-Najm: 8-10). Aisyah menjawab, '(Yang dimaksud ayat tersebut) adalah Jibril. Dia mendatangi Rasulullah dalam bentuk seorang laki-laki, dan pada kesempatan ini, dia mendatangi beliau dalam bentuknya yang sesungguhnya, sehingga dia menutupi ufuk langit
Telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Ahmad bin Sulaiman] dia berkata; Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Yahya bin Adam] dia berkata; Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Malik bin Mighwal] dari [Zubair bin 'Adi] dari [Thalhah bin Musharrif] dari [Murrah] dari [Abdulah] dia berkata; " Ketika Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam diisra'kan beliau sampai ke Sidratul Muntaha, yaitu satu tempat di langit yang ke enam dan sampai di situlah berakhirnya semua yang naik dari bawah dan sampai di situ pula semua yang turun dari atas hingga dapat terpegang. Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam kemudian membacakan ayat: "Ketika Sidratul Muntaha diliputi oleh sesuatu yang meliputinya" (Qs. An-Najm (53): 16) Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: " (Yang meliputi Sidratul Muntaha) adalah kupu-kupu dari emas, lalu aku diberi tiga hal, yaitu shalat lima waktu, akhir-akhir surat Al Baqarah, dan orang yang mati dari umatku diampuni, asalkan tidak menyekutukan Allah Azza Wa Jalla dengan sesuatupun
Telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Abdul Malik Abdul Hamid bin Maimun bin Mihran] dia berkata; telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ibnu Hambali] dia berkata; Telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Ibrahim bin Khalid] dia berkata; telah menceritakan kepada kami [Rabah] dari [Ma'mar] dari [Ibnu Thawus] dari [Ikrimah bin Khalid] dari [Ja'far bin Al Muthallib bin Abu Wada'ah] dari [Bapaknya] dia berkata; "Rasulullah Shallallallahu'alaihi wasallam pernah membaca surat An-Najm di Makkah, dan beliau Shallallallahu'alaihi wasallam sujud dengan diikuti oleh orang di sekitarnya. Namun aku mengangkat kepalaku dan enggan untuk sujud waktu itu Al Muthallib belum masuk Islam
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Muhammad bin Basysyar] berkata, telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ghundar] berkata, telah menceritakan kepada kami [Syu'bah] dari [Abu Ishaq] berkata; aku mendengar [Al Aswad] dari ['Abdullah radliallahu 'anhu] berkata: "Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam membaca surah An-Najm ketika berada di Makkah. Maka Beliau sujud tilawah begitu juga orang-orang yang bersama Beliau. Kecuali ada seorang yang tua, dia hanya mengambil segenggam kerikil atau tanah lalu menempelkannya pada mukanya seraya berkata; "bagiku cukup begini". Di kemudian hari aku melihat orang itu terbunuh dalam kekafiran
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Hafsh bin 'Umar] berkata, telah menceritakan kepada kami [Syu'bah] dari [Abu Ishaq] dari [Al Aswad] dari ['Abdullah radliallahu 'anhu] berkata: "Bahwa Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam membaca surah An-Najm lalu Beliau sujud dan tidak ada seorang pun dari kaum saat itu melainkan mengikuti beliau untuk sujud. Kecuali ada seseorang dari mereka yang ia hanya mengambil segenggam kerikil atau tanah lalu menempelkannya pada mukanya seraya berkata; "bagiku cukup begini". Berkata, 'Abdullah: Di kemudian hari aku melihat orang itu terbunuh dalam kekafiran