وَمَن يَرْغَبُ عَن مِّلَّةِ إِبْرَٰهِۦمَ إِلَّا مَن سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُۥ ۚ وَلَقَدِ ٱصْطَفَيْنَٰهُ فِى ٱلدُّنْيَا ۖ وَإِنَّهُۥ فِى ٱلْءَاخِرَةِ لَمِنَ ٱلصَّٰلِحِينَ
Dan tidak ada yang benci kepada agama Ibrahim, melainkan orang yang memperbodoh dirinya sendiri, dan sungguh Kami telah memilihnya di dunia dan sesungguhnya dia di akhirat benar-benar termasuk orang-orang yang saleh.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
Only the Fools deviate from Ibrahim's Religion
Allah refuted the disbelievers' innovations of associating others with Allah in defiance of the religion of Ibrahim, the leader of the upright. Ibrahim always singled out Allah in worship, with sincerity, and he did not call upon others besides Allah. He did not commit Shirk, even for an instant. He disowned every other deity that was being worshipped instead of Allah and defied all his people in this regard. Prophet Ibrahim said,
فَلَماَّ رَأَى الشَّمْسَ بَازِغَةً قَالَ هَـذَا رَبِّى هَـذَآ أَكْبَرُ فَلَمَّآ أَفَلَتْ قَالَ يقَوْمِ إِنِّى بَرِىءٌ مِّمَّا تُشْرِكُونَ - إِنِّى وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِىَ لِلَّذِى فَطَرَ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضَ حَنِيفاً وَمَآ أَنَاْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ
(O my people! I am indeed free from all that you join as partners (in worship with Allah). Verily, I have turned my face towards Him Who has created the heavens and the earth Hanifa (Islamic Monotheism), and I am not of Al-Mushrikin.) (6:78-79). Also, Allah said,
وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَهِيمُ لاًّبِيهِ وَقَوْمِهِ إِنَّنِى بَرَآءٌ مِّمَّا تَعْبُدُونَ - إِلاَّ الَّذِى فَطَرَنِى فَإِنَّهُ سَيَهْدِينِ
(And (remember) when Ibrahim said to his father and his people: "Verily, I am innocent of what you worship. "Except Him (i.e. I worship none but Allah alone) Who did create me; and verily, He will guide me") (43:26-27),
وَمَا كَانَ اسْتِغْفَارُ إِبْرَهِيمَ لاًّبِيهِ إِلاَّ عَن مَّوْعِدَةٍ وَعَدَهَآ إِيَّاهُ فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ أَنَّهُ عَدُوٌّ لِلَّهِ تَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُ إِنَّ إِبْرَهِيمَ لأَوَّاهٌ حَلِيمٌ
(And Ibrahim's invoking (of Allah) for his father's forgiveness was only because of a promise he (Ibrahim) had made to him (his father). But when it became clear to him (Ibrahim) that he (his father) was an enemy of Allah, he dissociated himself from him. Verily, Ibrahim was Awwah (one who invokes Allah with humility, glorifies Him and remembers Him much) and was forbearing) (9:114), and,
إِنَّ إِبْرَهِيمَ كَانَ أُمَّةً قَـنِتًا لِلَّهِ حَنِيفًا وَلَمْ يَكُ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ - شَاكِراً لانْعُمِهِ اجْتَبَـهُ وَهَدَاهُ إِلَى صِرَطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ - وَءاتَيْنَـهُ فِى الْدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَإِنَّهُ فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ لَمِنَ الصَّـلِحِينَ
(Verily, Ibrahim was an Ummah (a leader having all the good qualities, or a nation), obedient to Allah, Hanif (i.e. to worship none but Allah), and he was not one of those who were Al-Mushrikin. (He was) thankful for His (Allah's) favors. He (Allah) chose him (as an intimate friend) and guided him to a straight path. And We gave him good in this world, and in the Hereafter he shall be of the righteous.) (16:120-122).
This is why Allah said here,
وَمَن يَرْغَبُ عَن مِّلَّةِ إِبْرَهِيمَ
(And who turns away from the religion of Ibrahim), meaning, abandons his path, way and method
إِلاَّ مَن سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ
(except him who fools himself) meaning, who commits injustice against himself by deviating from the truth, to wickedness. Such a person will be defying the path of he who was chosen in this life to be a true Imam, from the time he was young, until Allah chose him to be His Khalil, and who shall be among the successful in the Last Life. Is there anything more insane than deviating from this path and following the path of misguidance and deviation instead Is there more injustice than this Allah said,
إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ
(Verily, joining others in worship with Allah is a great Zulm (wrong) indeed) (31:13).
Abu Al-`Aliyah and Qatadah said, "This Ayah (2:130) was revealed about the Jews who invented a practice that did not come from Allah and that defied the religion of Ibrahim." Allah's statement,
مَا كَانَ إِبْرَهِيمُ يَهُودِيًّا وَلاَ نَصْرَانِيًّا وَلَكِن كَانَ حَنِيفًا مُّسْلِمًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ - إِنَّ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِإِبْرَهِيمَ لَلَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ وَهَـذَا النَّبِىُّ وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَاللَّهُ وَلِىُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
(Ibrahim was neither a Jew nor a Christian, but he was a true Muslim Hanifa (to worship none but Allah alone) and he was not of Al-Mushrikin. Verily, among mankind who have the best claim to Ibrahim are those who followed him, and this Prophet (Muhammad ) and those who have believed (Muslims). And Allah is the Wali (Protector and Helper) of the believers.) (3:67-68), testifies to this fact.
Allah said next,
إِذْ قَالَ لَهُ رَبُّهُ أَسْلِمْ قَالَ أَسْلَمْتُ لِرَبِّ الْعَـلَمِينَ
(When his Lord said to him, "Submit (i. e. be a Muslim)!" He said, "I have submitted myself (as a Muslim) to the Lord of the `Alamin (mankind, Jinn and all that exists).")
This Ayah indicates that Allah commanded Ibrahim to be sincere with Him and to abide and submit to Him; Ibrahim perfectly adhered to Allah's command. Allah's statement,
وَوَصَّى بِهَآ إِبْرَهِيمُ بَنِيهِ وَيَعْقُوبُ
(And this (submission to Allah, Islam) was enjoined by Ibrahim upon his sons and by Ya`qub) means, Ibrahim commanded his offspring to follow this religion, that is, Islam, for Allah. Or, the Ayah might be referring to Ibrahim's words,
أَسْلَمْتُ لِرَبِّ الْعَـلَمِينَ
(I have submitted myself (as a Muslim) to the Lord of the `Alamin (mankind, Jinn and all that exists)).
This means that these Prophets loved these words so much that they preserved them until the time of death and advised their children to adhere to them after them. Similarly, Allah said,
وَجَعَلَهَا كَلِمَةً بَـقِيَةً فِى عَقِبِهِ
(And he (Ibrahim) made it i.e. La ilaha illallah (none has the right to be worshipped but Allah alone) a Word lasting among his offspring, (true Monotheism)) (43:28).
It might be that Ibrahim advised his children, including Jacob, Isaac's son, who were present. It appears, and Allah knows best, that Isaac was endowed with Jacob, during the lifetime of Ibrahim and Sarah, for the good news includes both of them in Allah's statement,
فَبَشَّرْنَـهَا بِإِسْحَـقَ وَمِن وَرَآءِ إِسْحَـقَ يَعْقُوبَ
(But We gave her (Sarah) glad tidings of Ishaq (Isaac), and after Ishaq, of Ya`qub (Jacob)) (11:71).
Also, if Jacob was not alive then, there would be no use here in mentioning him specifically among Isaac's children. Also, Allah said in Surat Al-`Ankabut,
وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَـقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَجَعَلْنَا فِى ذُرِّيَّتِهِ النُّبُوَّةَ وَالْكِتَـبَ
(And We bestowed on him (Ibrahim), Ishaq and Ya`qub, and We ordained among his offspring prophethood and the Book.) (29:27), and,
وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَـقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ نَافِلَةً
(And We bestowed upon him Ishaq, and (a grandson) Ya`qub) (21:72), thus, indicating that this occurred during Ibrahim's lifetime. Also, Jacob built Bayt Al-Maqdis, as earlier books testified. The Two Sahihs recorded that Abu Dharr said, "I said, `O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Which Masjid was built first' He said, (Al-Masjid Al-Haram (Al-Ka`bah).) I said, `Then' He said, (Bayt Al- Maqdis.) I said, `How many years later' He said, (Forty years. )" Further, the advice that Jacob gave to his children, which we will soon mention, testifies that Jacob was among those who received the advice mentioned in Ayat above (2:130-132).
Adhering to Tawhid until Death
Allah said,
يَـبَنِىَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَى لَكُمُ الدِّينَ فَلاَ تَمُوتُنَّ إَلاَّ وَأَنتُم مُّسْلِمُونَ
((Saying), "O my sons! Allah has chosen for you the (true) religion, then die not except as Muslims.") meaning, perform righteous deeds during your lifetime and remain on this path, so that Allah will endow you with the favor of dying upon it. Usually, one dies upon the path that he lived on and is resurrected according to what he died on. Allah, the Most Generous, helps those who seek to do good deeds to remain on the righteous path.
This by no means contradicts the authentic Hadith that says,
«إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ حَتّـى مَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا إِلَّا بَاعٌ أَوْ ذِرَاعٌ فَيَسْبِقُ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابُ فَيَعمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّار فَيَدْخُلُهَا. وَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَعْمَلُ بعَمَلِ أَهلِ النَّارِ حَتَّى مَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا إِلَّا بَاعٌ أَو ذِرَاعٌ فَيَسْبِقُ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابُ فَيَعْمَلُ بعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَيَدْخُلُهَا»
(Man might perform the works of the people of Paradise until only a span of outstretched arms or a cubit separates him from it, then the Book (destiny) takes precedence, and he performs the works of the people of the Fire and thus enters it. Also, man might perform the works of the people of the Fire until only a span of outstretched arms or a cubit separates him from the Fire, but the Book takes precedence and he performs the works of the people of Paradise and thus enters it.) Allah said, (92:5-10),
فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى وَاتَّقَى - وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَى - فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَى - وَأَمَّا مَن بَخِلَ وَاسْتَغْنَى - وَكَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنَى - فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَى
(As for him who gives (in charity) and keeps his duty to Allah and fears Him. And believes in Al-Husna. We will make smooth for him the path of ease (goodness). But he who is a greedy miser and thinks himself self-sufficient. And belies Al-Husna (none has the right to be worshipped except Allah). We will make smooth for him the path for evil),
Hadits Terkait
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Muhammad bin Al-Mutsanna] dari [Abu Dawud] Al-Hadits. Dan telah menceritakan kepada kami [Nashr bin Al-Muhajir] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Yazid bin Harun] dari [Al-Mas'udi] dari [Amru bin Murrah] dari [Ibnu Abi Laila] dari [Mu'adz bin Jabbal] dia berkata; Pelaksanaan shalat telah mengalami perubahan tiga kali, dan demikian pula pelaksanaan puasa, kemudian Nashr melanjutkan Hadits ini secara panjang lebar. Sedangkan Ibnu Al-Mutsanna hanya menyebutkan kisah shalat mereka yang menghadap Baitul Maqdis. Dia berkata; Cara pelaksanaan shalat yang ketiga; Bahwasanya Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam ketika datang ke Madinah, beliau mengerjakan shalat menghadap ke Baitul Maqdis selama tiga belas bulan, lalu Allah Ta'ala menurunkan ayat ini (yang artinya), "Sungguh Kami (sering) melihat mukamu menengadah ke langit, maka sungguh Kami akan memalingkan kamu ke kiblat yang kamu sukai. Palingkanlah mukamu ke arah Masjidil Haram. Dan di mana saja kamu berada, palingkanlah mukamu ke arahnya." (Al-Baqarah: 144). Maka Allah Ta'ala memalingkan beliau shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam ke Ka'bah. Sampai di sini hadits riwayat Ibnu Al-Mutsanna. Nashr menyebutkan nama orang yang bermimpi, dia berkata; Maka datang Abdullah bin Zaid, seorang laki laki dari golongan Anshar, dalam haditsnya itu dia berkata; Maka laki laki itu menghadap kiblat seraya mengucapkan; Allaahu Akbar, Allaahu Akbar, Asyhadu an laa ilaaha illallah, Asyhadu an laa ilaaha illallaah, Asyhadu anna Muhammadar Rasuulullah, Asyhadu anna Muhammadar Rasuulullah, Hayya 'alas shalaah hayya 'alash shalaah, hayya 'alal falaah hayya 'alal falaah, Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar, Laa ilaaha illallaah. Setelah itu dia berhenti sebentar, lalu berdiri mengucapkan kalimat seperti sebelumnya, hanya saja dia menambahkan setelah mengucapkan; Hayya 'alal falaah, dengan ucapan; Qad Qamatis shalaah, qad qamatis shalaah. Mu'adz bin Jabal berkata; Maka Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Ajarkanlah (kalimat adzan itu) kepada Bilal". Maka Bilal pun mengumandangkan adzan dengan kalimat kalimat itu. Kemudian Nasr bin Muhajir menyebutkan tentang perubahan-perubahan perintah puasa. Muadz bin Jabal berkata; Bahwasanya Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam biasa mengerjakan puasa tiga hari setiap bulan, dan pada hari Asyura', kemudian Allah Ta'ala menurunkan ayat (yang artinya): "Telah diwajibkan atas kalian berpuasa, sebagaimana telah diwajibkan atas orang orang sebelum kamu..., sampai dengan FirmanNya: (yaitu) memberi makan seorang miskin." (Al-Baqarah: 183 184). Karena itu siapa yang hendak berpuasa, silahkan berpuasa, dan siapa yang tidak mau berpuasa dan mau memberi makan seorang miskin setiap harinya, maka telah memadai baginya. Dan inilah salah satu keadaan puasa. Lalu Allah Ta'ala menurunkan ayat (yang artinya): "Bulan Ramadhan, bulan yang di dalamnya diturunkan (permulaan) Al Quran..., sampai FirmanNya: pada hari hari yang lain." (Al-Baqarah: 185). Maka berlakulah ketetapan hukum puasa itu wajib atas orang yang mendapatkan bulan Ramadhan, sedangkan orang yang sedang musafir, wajib mengqadla'nya. Dan ditetapkan pula hukum kewajiban memberi makan orang miskin bagi orang tua berusia lanjut dan orang yang lemah, yang tidak mampu lagi berpuasa. Dan datang pula Shirmah, sedangkan dia telah bekerja sehari penuh. Selanjutnya dia (Nashr) menyebutkan Hadits itu
Dan telah menceritakan kepada kami [Zuhair bin harb] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ya'qub bin Ibrahim] telah menceritakan kepada kami [bapakku] dari [Shalih], [Ibnu Syihab] berkata, "Akan tetapi [Urwah] menceritakan dari [Humran] bahwa dia berkata, 'Ketika [Utsman] berwudlu, maka dia berkata, 'Demi Allah, sungguh aku akan menceritakan kepada kalian sebuah hadits. Demi Allah, kalau bukan suatu ayat dalam Kitabullah niscaya aku tidak akan menceritakannya kepada kalian. Sesungguhnya aku mendengar Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Tidaklah seorang laki-laki berwudlu, lalu memperbagus wudlunya kemudian melakukan shalat melainkan pasti diampuni dosanya antara dia dan shalat setelahnya'." Urwah berkata, "Ayat tersebut adalah: '(Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang menyembunyikan apa yang telah Kami turunkan berupa keterangan-keterangan (yang jelas) dan petunjuk, setelah Kami menerangkan-Nya kepada manusia dalam Al-Kitab, mereka itu dila'nati Allah dan dila'nati (pula) oleh semua (makhluk) yang dapat melaknati…) ' (Qs. Al-Baqarah:)
Telah menceritakan kepadaku [Zuhair bin Harb] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abdurrahman bin Mahdi] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Hammad bin Salamah] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Tsabit] dari [Anas] bahwa kaum Yahudi dahulu apabila kaum wanita mereka, mereka tidak memberinya makan dan tidak mempergaulinya di rumah. Maka para sahabat Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bertanya kepada Nabi Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam. Lalu Allah menurunkan, "Mereka bertanya kepadamu tentang haidh. Katakanlah, 'Haidh itu adalah suatu kotoran'. Oleh sebab itu, hendaklah kamu menjauhkan diri dari wanita di waktu haidh; dan janganlah kamu mendekati mereka, sebelum mereka suci. Apabila mereka telah suci, maka campurilah mereka itu di tempat yang diperintahkan Allah kepadamu. Allah menyukai orang-orang yang taubat dan menyukai orang-orang yang mensucikan diri." (al-Baqarah: 222) maka Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda, "Perbuatlah segala sesuatu kecuali nikah". Maka hal tersebut sampai kepada kaum Yahudi, maka mereka berkata, "Laki-laki ini tidak ingin meninggalkan sesuatu dari perkara kita melainkan dia menyelisihi kita padanya." Lalu Usaid bin Hudhair dan Abbad bin Bisyr berkata, "Wahai Rasulullah, sesungguhnya kaum Yahudi berkata demikian dan demikian, maka kami tidak menyenggamai kaum wanita." Raut wajah Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam spontan berubah hingga kami mengira bahwa beliau telah marah pada keduanya, lalu keduanya keluar, keduanya pergi bertepatan ada hadiah susu yang diperuntukkan Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam, Maka beliau kirim utusan untuk menyusul kepergian keduanya, dan beliau suguhkan minuman untuk keduanya. Keduanya pun sadar bahwa beliau tidak marah atas keduanya
Telah menceritakan kepadaku [Muhammad bin 'Abbad] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Sufyan] dari [Amru] dari [Jabir] dia berkata, "Muadz shalat bersama Nabi Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam, kemudian dia datang, lalu mengimami kaumnya. Maka dia melakukan shalat Isya' pada malam tersebut bersama Nabi Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam, kemudian mendatangi kaumnya, lalu mengimami mereka. Lalu dia membuka dengan surat al-Baqarah, maka seorang laki-laki berpaling lalu salam, kemudian shalat sendirian, lalu berpaling pergi. Maka mereka berkata kepadanya, 'Apakah kamu berlaku munafik wahai fulan? ' Dia menjawab, 'Tidak, demi Allah, aku akan mendatangi Rasulullah Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam, lalu aku akan mengabarkan kepada beliau. Lalu dia mendatangi Rasulullah Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam seraya berkata, 'Wahai Rasulullah, sesungguhnya para pekerja penyiram (tanaman) bekerja pada siang hari (sehingga kecapekan), dan sesungguhnya Mu'adz shalat Isya' bersamamu, kemudian dia datang kepada kami lalu shalat dengan membukanya dengan surat al-Baqarah.' Maka Rasulullah Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam menghadap Mu'adz seraya bersabda, 'Wahai Mu'adz, apakah kamu pemfitnah (yang membuat orang lari dari agama), bacalah dengan surat ini dan bacalah dengan ini' -maksudnya surat yang ringkas dan pendek--." Berkata Sufyan, maka saya berkata kepada Amru sesungguhnya [Abu az-Zubair] telah menceritakan kepada kami, dari [Jabir] bahwa dia berkata, "Bacalah 'Iqra dan asy-Syams wa Dhuhaha, serta Wa adh-dhuha wa al-Laili Idza Yaghsya dan Sabbihisma Rabbika al-A'la". Maka Amru berkata semisal ini
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Bakar bin Abi Syaibah] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu al-Ahwash] dari [Abu Ishaq] dari [al-Bara' bin 'Azib] dia berkata, "Aku shalat bersama Nabi Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam menghadap Baitul Maqdis selama enam belas bulan hingga turun ayat tersebut yang ada dalam surat al-Baqarah, "Dan di mana pun kamu berada maka palingkanlah wajah-wajahmu ke arahnya." (QS.Albaqarah 124), ayat tersebut turun setelah Nabi Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam shalat, lalu seorang laki-laki dari suatu kaum bertolak pergi, lalu dia berjalan bersama beberapa manusia dari kalangan Anshar, dan mereka shalat, lalu beliau menceritakannya kepada mereka, maka mereka menghadapkan wajah-wajah mereka ke Baitullah