وَجَعَلُوا۟ لَهُۥ مِنْ عِبَادِهِۦ جُزْءًا ۚ إِنَّ ٱلْإِنسَٰنَ لَكَفُورٌۭ مُّبِينٌ
Dan mereka menjadikan sebahagian dari hamba-hamba-Nya sebagai bahagian daripada-Nya. Sesungguhnya manusia itu benar-benar pengingkar yang nyata (terhadap rahmat Allah).
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
Condemnation of the Idolators' attribution of Offspring to Allah
Here Allah speaks of the lies and fabrications of the idolators, when they devoted some of their cattle to their false gods and some to Allah, as He described in Surat Al-An`am where He said:
(And they assign to Allah share of the tilth and cattle which He has created, and they say: "This is for Allah" according to their claim, "and this is for our partners." But the share of their partners reaches not Allah, while the share of Allah reaches their partners! Evil is the way they judge!) (6:136). Similarly, out of the two kinds of offspring, sons and daughters, they assigned to Him the worst and least valuable (in their eyes), i.e., daughters, as Allah says:
(Is it for you the males and for Him the females That indeed is a division most unfair!) (53:21-22) And Allah says here:
(Yet, they assign to some of His servants a share with Him. Verily, man is indeed a manifest ingrate!) Then He says:
(Or has He taken daughters out of what He has created, and He has selected for you sons) This is a denunciation of them in the strongest terms, as He goes on to say:
(And if one of them is informed of the news of that which he sets forth as a parable to the Most Gracious, his face becomes dark, and he is filled with grief!) means, if one of these people is given the news that there has been born to him one of those which he attributes to Allah, i.e., a daughter, he hates this news and it depresses and overwhelms him so much that he keeps away from people because he feels so ashamed. Allah says, so how can they dislike that so much and yet they attribute it to Allah
(A creature who is brought up in adornments, and who in dispute cannot make itself clear) means, women are regarded as lacking something, which they make up for with jewelry and adornments from the time of childhood onwards, and when there is a dispute, they cannot speak up and defend themselves clearly, so how can this be attributed to Allah
(And they make females the angels who themselves are servants of the Most Gracious.) means, that is what they believe about them, but Allah denounces them for that and says:
(Did they witness their creation) meaning, did they see Allah creating them as females
(Their testimony will be recorded,) means, concerning that,
(and they will be questioned!) means, about that, on the Day of Resurrection. This is a stern warning and a serious threat.
(And they said: "If it had been the will of the Most Gracious, we should not have worshipped them.") means, (they said:) `if Allah had willed, He would have prevented us from worshipping these idols which are images of the angels who are the daughters of Allah; He knows about this and He approves of it.' By saying this, they combined several types of error: First: They attributed offspring to Allah -- exalted and sanctified be He far above that. Second: They claimed that He chose daughters rather than sons, and they made the angels, who are the servants of the Most Gracious, female. Third: They worshipped them with no proof, evidence or permission from Allah. This was based on mere opinion, whims and desires, imitation of their elders and forefathers, and pure ignorance. They used Allah's decree as an excuse, and this reasoning betrayed their ignorance. Fourth: Allah denounced them for this in the strongest terms, for from the time He first sent Messengers and revealed Books, the command was to worship Him Alone with no partner or associate, and it was forbidden to worship anything other than Him. Allah says:
(And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah, and avoid all false deities." Then of them were some whom Allah guided and of them were some upon whom the straying was justified. So travel through the land and see what was the end of those who denied.) (16:36)
(And ask those of Our Messengers whom We sent before you: "Did We ever appoint gods to be worshipped besides the Most Gracious") (43:45) And Allah says in this Ayah, after mentioning this argument of theirs:
(They have no knowledge whatsoever of that.) meaning, of the truth of what they say and the arguments they put forward.
(They do nothing but lie!) means, they tell lies and fabricate untruths.
(They have no knowledge whatsoever of that. They do nothing but lie!) Mujahid said, "They do not appreciate the power of Allah."
Hadits Terkait
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Yahya bin Musa]; telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Dawud Ath Thayalisi]; telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Abdul Wahid bin Sulaim]; dia berkata; Aku memasuki Makkah kemudian aku menemui ['Atha bin Abu Rabbah]. Maka aku berkata kepadanya, "Wahai Abu Muhammad, sesungguhnya penduduk Bashrah memperbincangkan masalah Qadar." Lalu Atha' berkata, "Wahai anakku, apakah kamu membaca Al Qur'an?" Aku menjawab, "Ya" 'Atha` melanjutkan, "Bacalah surat Az-Zukhruf." Abdul Wahid berkata; Maka aku pun membaca, "HAA MIIM WAL KITAABIL MUBIIN, INNAA JA'ALNAAHU QUR'AANAN 'AROBIYYAN LA'ALLAKUM TA'QILUUN, WA INNAHU FII UMMIL KITAABI LADAINAA LA'ALIYYUN HAKIIM (HAA MIIM, Demi Kitab (Al Qur'an) yang menerangkan. Sesungguhnya Kami menjadikan Al Qur'an dalam bahasa Arab supaya kamu memahami-nya. Dan sesungguhnya Al Qur'an itu dalam induk Al Kitab (Lauhul Mahfudz) di sisi kami, adalah benar benar tinggi (nilainya) dan amat banyak mengandung hikmah)." Kemudian Atha' bertanya, " Apakah kamu tahu apa maksudnya Ummul Kitab?" aku menjawab, "Hanya Allah dan Rasul-Nya yang lebih tahu." Atha' berkata, "Susungguhnya Ummul Kitab adalah kitab yang ditulis oleh Allah sebelum menciptakan langit dan bumi di dalamnya terdapat ayat yang menyatakan bahwa Fir'aun termasuk penghuni neraka, dan di dalamnya terdapat ayat, 'TABBAT YADAA ABII LAHABIW WATAB (Binasalah kedua tangan Abu Lahab dan sesungguhnya dia akan binasa).'" Atha' berkata lagi; Aku bertemu dengan [Al Walid bin Ubadah bin Ash Shamith] sahabat Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam, aku tanyakan kepadanya tentang, "Wasiat apakah yang di wasiatkan bapakmu pada saat saat wafat?" Dia menjawab; [Bapakku] pernah memanggilku kemudian dia berkata kepadaku, "Wahai anakku, bertakwalah kepada Allah dan ketahuilah sesungguhnya kamu tidak akan sekali kali bertakwa kepada Allah sehingga kamu beriman kepada Allah dan beriman kepada adanya takdir seluruhnya yang baik maupun yang buruk, jika kamu meninggal tidak berada di atas keimanan ini maka kamu akan masuk neraka, sesungguhnya aku mendengar Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: 'Sesungguhnya yang pertama kali Allah ciptakan adalah Al Qalam kemudian Allah berfirman: 'Tulislah' Maka Al Qalam bertanya, 'Apa yang aku tulis? ' Lalu Allah berfirman: 'Tulislah takdir yang telah terjadi dan yang akan terjadi sepanjang masa.'" Abu Isa berkata; Hadits ini adalah gharib bila ditinjau dari jalur sanad ini
Telah bercerita kepada kami [Qutaibah bin Sa'id] telah bercerita kepada kami [Sufyan] dari ['Amru] dari ['Atha'] dia mengabarkan dari [Shafwan bin Ya'laa] dari [bapaknya] bahwa dia mendengar Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam membaca suatu ayat (QS az-Zukhruf ayat 77) di atas mimbar: "Wa naadaw yaa maalik (Mereka berseru; "hai maalik)