وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مُوسَىٰ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَآ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَإِي۟هِۦ فَقَالَ إِنِّى رَسُولُ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ
Dan sesunguhnya Kami telah mengutus Musa dengan membawa mukjizat-mukjizat Kami kepada Fir'aun dan pemuka-pemuka kaumnya. Maka Musa berkata: "Sesungguhnya aku adalah utusan dari Tuhan seru sekalian alam".
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
Musa was sent with the Message of Tawhid to Fir`awn and His Chiefs
Here Allah tells us about His servant and Messenger Musa, peace be upon him, and how He sent him to Fir`awn and his chiefs. That is, his governors, ministers, leaders and followers among the Egyptians and the Children of Israel. Allah sent him to call them to worship Allah alone, with no partner or associate, and to forbid them from worshipping anything other than Him. He sent him with mighty signs, such as his hand and his staff, other signs such as the flood, locusts, Qummal, frogs and blood, and the loss of their crops and lives. Yet despite all that they remained arrogant and stubbornly refused to follow him; they rejected his message and made fun of it, and laughed at the one who had brought it.
(And not an Ayah We showed them but it was greater than its fellow preceding it,) but despite that they would not give up their sin, misguidance, ignorance and confusion. Every time one of these signs came to them, they would go and implore Musa, saying,
("O you sorcerer!...") meaning, expert or knowledgeable one -- this was the view of Ibn Jarir. The scholars of that time were the sorcerers or magicians, and magic was not regarded as something reprehensible by them at that time, so this was not a slight on their part. They were in a state of need, so it would not have been appropriate for them to insult him. This was a way of honoring him, as they thought. On each occasion, they promised Musa that if the torment was lifted from them, they would believe in him and let the Children of Israel go with him, but on each occasion they went back on their word. This is like the Ayat:
(So We sent on them: the flood, the locusts, the Qummal, the frogs, and the blood; manifest signs, yet they remained arrogant, and they were of those people who were criminals. And when the punishment struck them, they said: "O Musa! Invoke your Lord for us because of His promise to you. If you remove the punishment from us, we indeed shall believe in you, and we shall let the Children of Israel go with you." But when We removed the punishment from them to a fixed term, which they had to reach, behold! they broke their word!) (7:133-135)
Hadits Terkait
Telah bercerita kepada kami [Qutaibah bin Sa'id] telah bercerita kepada kami [Sufyan] dari ['Amru] dari ['Atha'] dia mengabarkan dari [Shafwan bin Ya'laa] dari [bapaknya] bahwa dia mendengar Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam membaca suatu ayat (QS az-Zukhruf ayat 77) di atas mimbar: "Wa naadaw yaa maalik (Mereka berseru; "hai maalik)
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Yahya bin Musa]; telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Dawud Ath Thayalisi]; telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Abdul Wahid bin Sulaim]; dia berkata; Aku memasuki Makkah kemudian aku menemui ['Atha bin Abu Rabbah]. Maka aku berkata kepadanya, "Wahai Abu Muhammad, sesungguhnya penduduk Bashrah memperbincangkan masalah Qadar." Lalu Atha' berkata, "Wahai anakku, apakah kamu membaca Al Qur'an?" Aku menjawab, "Ya" 'Atha` melanjutkan, "Bacalah surat Az-Zukhruf." Abdul Wahid berkata; Maka aku pun membaca, "HAA MIIM WAL KITAABIL MUBIIN, INNAA JA'ALNAAHU QUR'AANAN 'AROBIYYAN LA'ALLAKUM TA'QILUUN, WA INNAHU FII UMMIL KITAABI LADAINAA LA'ALIYYUN HAKIIM (HAA MIIM, Demi Kitab (Al Qur'an) yang menerangkan. Sesungguhnya Kami menjadikan Al Qur'an dalam bahasa Arab supaya kamu memahami-nya. Dan sesungguhnya Al Qur'an itu dalam induk Al Kitab (Lauhul Mahfudz) di sisi kami, adalah benar benar tinggi (nilainya) dan amat banyak mengandung hikmah)." Kemudian Atha' bertanya, " Apakah kamu tahu apa maksudnya Ummul Kitab?" aku menjawab, "Hanya Allah dan Rasul-Nya yang lebih tahu." Atha' berkata, "Susungguhnya Ummul Kitab adalah kitab yang ditulis oleh Allah sebelum menciptakan langit dan bumi di dalamnya terdapat ayat yang menyatakan bahwa Fir'aun termasuk penghuni neraka, dan di dalamnya terdapat ayat, 'TABBAT YADAA ABII LAHABIW WATAB (Binasalah kedua tangan Abu Lahab dan sesungguhnya dia akan binasa).'" Atha' berkata lagi; Aku bertemu dengan [Al Walid bin Ubadah bin Ash Shamith] sahabat Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam, aku tanyakan kepadanya tentang, "Wasiat apakah yang di wasiatkan bapakmu pada saat saat wafat?" Dia menjawab; [Bapakku] pernah memanggilku kemudian dia berkata kepadaku, "Wahai anakku, bertakwalah kepada Allah dan ketahuilah sesungguhnya kamu tidak akan sekali kali bertakwa kepada Allah sehingga kamu beriman kepada Allah dan beriman kepada adanya takdir seluruhnya yang baik maupun yang buruk, jika kamu meninggal tidak berada di atas keimanan ini maka kamu akan masuk neraka, sesungguhnya aku mendengar Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: 'Sesungguhnya yang pertama kali Allah ciptakan adalah Al Qalam kemudian Allah berfirman: 'Tulislah' Maka Al Qalam bertanya, 'Apa yang aku tulis? ' Lalu Allah berfirman: 'Tulislah takdir yang telah terjadi dan yang akan terjadi sepanjang masa.'" Abu Isa berkata; Hadits ini adalah gharib bila ditinjau dari jalur sanad ini