بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ حمٓ
Haa Miim.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
Which was revealed in Makkah
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
The Qur'an is a Revelation from Allah and the Universe is His True Creation
Allah informs that He has revealed the Book to His servant and Messenger Muhammad -- may Allah's blessings be upon him until the Day of Judgement. Allah then describes Himself as being of unimaginable glory, possessing ultimate wisdom in His statements and actions. Allah then says,
(We created not the heavens and the earth and all that is between them except in truth,) meaning, not in idle play and falsehood.
(and for a specified term.) meaning, for a fixed and specified duration that will not increase or decrease. Allah continues,
(But those who disbelieve, turn away from that of which they are warned.) Meaning, the disbelievers are distracted from what is intended for them. Allah has indeed revealed to them a Book and sent to them a Messenger. Yet, they obstinately turn away from all of that. Therefore, they will soon realize the consequence of their behavior.
Refuting the Idolators
Allah then says,
(Say) meaning, to these idolators who worship others besides Allah.
(Think you about all that you invoke besides Allah Show me what they have created of the earth) (46:4) meaning, `show me the place that they have independently created from the earth.'
(Or have they a share in the heavens) which means that they are not partners in anything in the heavens, nor on earth. They do not own even the thin membrane covering a date's pit. The dominion and control only belong to Allah, Exalted is He. `How then would you worship others or join them as partners with Him Who guided you to that Who called you to that Did He command you to do it, or is it something that you suggested yourselves' Thus, He says,
(Bring me a scripture prior to this) meaning, `bring a book from among the Books of Allah that have been revealed to the Prophets, that commands you to worship these idols.'
(or some trace of knowledge,) meaning, `some clear evidence justifying this way you have chosen.'
(if you are truthful!) meaning, `you have absolutely no evidence for that -- neither textual (from revelation) nor rational.' For this reason, some recited it; (أَوْ أَثَرَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ) "or something inherited from knowledge" meaning, `or true knowledge that you have inherited from anyone before you.' This is similar to Mujahid's statement when he said,
(or some trace of knowledge.) "Or anyone who has inherited any knowledge." Allah then says,
(And who is more astray than those who invokes besides Allah others who will not answer them until the Day of Resurrection, and who are unaware of their invocations to them) meaning, no one is more misguided than those who invoke idols instead of Allah, asking them for things that they cannot give -- until the Day of Judgment. They (the idols) are unaware of what he asks, they can neither hear, see, or act. This is because they are inanimate, senseless stones. Allah then says,
(And when mankind are gathered, they will become their enemies and will deny their worship.) This is similar to Allah's saying:
(They have taken gods beside Allah, that they might give them dignity. No! They will deny their worship of them, and will be opponents to them.) (19:81, 82) meaning, they will betray them when they need them the most. (Ibrahim) Al-Khalil, peace be upon him, said:
(You have taken only idols besides Allah! The love between you is only in the life of this world. On the Day of Resurrection, you shall disown each other and curse each other, and your abode will be the Fire, and you shall have no helpers.)(29:25)
Hadits Terkait
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ali bin Sa'id Al Kindi] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Muhayyah] dari [Abdul Malik bin Umair] dari [Ibnu Akhi Abdullah bin Salam] berkata: Saat Utsman diburu untuk dibunuh, [Abdullah bin Salam] datang lalu Utsman bertanya padanya: Ada perlu apa kau datang? Ia menjawab: Aku datang untuk menolongmu. Utsman berkata: Temuilah orang-orang lalu usirlah mereka dariku karena kau diluar itu lebih baik bagiku dari pada kau didalam. Abdullah bin Salam keluar menemui orang-orang lalu berkata: Wahai sekalian manusia, dulu dimasa jahiliyah aku bernama fulan lalu Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa Salam memberiku nama Abdullah, berkenaan denganku turun beberapa ayat kitab Allah, berkenaan dengankulah ayat ini turun: "Dan seorang saksi bani israil menyatakan kesaksian semisalnya dan ia beriman, namun kalian malah menyombongkan diri, sesungguhnya Allah tidak memberi petunjuk orang-orang yang zhalim (QS. Al-Ahqaf 10) Dan diturunkan karenaku, ayat; "Katakanlah: 'Cukuplah Allah dan orang yang memiliki pengetahuan tentang al kitab menjadi saksi antara aku dan kamu sekalian." (Al Israa`: 96), sesungguhnya Allah memiliki pedang yang disarungkan sehingga tidak menebas kalian, para malaikat telah melindungi kalian di negeri kalian. Inilah pesan-pesan yang karenanya nabi kalian turun. Takutlah kalian kepada Allah dari membunuh nabi ini, Takutlah kalian kepada Allah dari membunuh nabi ini, demi Allah jika kalian membunuhnya niscaya para malaikat akan menghilangkan perlindungan terhadap kalian, dan pedang Allah yang dahulunya disarungkan akan dihunus untuk kalian, dan tidak akan disarungkan lagi hingga hari kiamat. Akhirnya mereka berkata: Bunuhlah si Yahudi dan bunuhlah Utsman. Abu Isa berkata: Hadits ini gharib. [Syu'aib bin Shafwan] meriwayatkannya dari [Abdul Malik bin Umair] dari [Ibnu Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Salam] dari [kakeknya, Abdullah bin Salam]
Telah bercerita kepada kami [Makkiy bin Ibrahim] telah bercerita kepada kami [Ibnu Juraij] dari ['Atha'] dari ['Aisyah radliallahu 'anhuma] berkata; "Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam apabila melihat awan mendung di langit, Beliau memandangnya lalu membelakanginya, mondar-mandir antara keluar-masuk rumah dengan wajah yang berubah. Kemudian 'Aisyah minta penjelasan hal itu, maka Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Aku tidak tahu pasti barangkali kejadiannya bisa seperti kaum yang berkata (sebagaimana firman Allah dalam QS al-Ahqaf ayat 24) yang artinya: "Maka tatkala mereka melihat adzab itu berupa awan yang menuju ke lembah-lembah mereka