وَلَقَدْ جَآءَتْ رُسُلُنَآ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ بِٱلْبُشْرَىٰ قَالُوا۟ سَلَٰمًۭا ۖ قَالَ سَلَٰمٌۭ ۖ فَمَا لَبِثَ أَن جَآءَ بِعِجْلٍ حَنِيذٍۢ
Dan sesungguhnya utusan-utusan Kami (malaikat-malaikat) telah datang kepada lbrahim dengan membawa kabar gembira, mereka mengucapkan: "Selamat". Ibrahim menjawab: "Selamatlah," maka tidak lama kemudian Ibrahim menyuguhkan daging anak sapi yang dipanggang.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
The Coming of the Angels to Ibrahim and Their Glad Tidings to Him of Ishaq and Ya`qub
Allah, the Exalted, says,
(And verily, there came Our messengers) The word "messengers" here means angels.
(to Ibrahim with the glad tidings.) It has been said that the word "the glad tidings" means, "Receive the glad tidings of Ishaq." Others have said that it means, "The destruction of the people of Prophet Lut." The proof of the correctness of the first view is in Allah's statement,
(Then when the fear had gone away from (the mind of) Ibrahim, and the glad tidings had reached him, he began to plead with Us for the people of Lut.)11:74
(They said: "Salaman." He answered, "Salamun.") This means, "Upon you." The scholars of explanation have said, "Ibrahim's reply of `Salamun' was better than that with which they had greeted him with, because the subjective case (Salamun instead of Salaman) alludes to affirmation and eternity. "
(and he hastened to entertain them with a roasted calf.) This means that he (Ibrahim) left with haste in order to bring them food, as a host. The food that he brought was a calf. The word Hanidh means roasted upon heated stones. This meaning has been reported from Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah and others. This is as Allah has said in another verse,
(Then he turned to his household, and brought out a roasted calf. And placed it before them (saying): "Will you not eat")51:26-27 This verse contains many aspects of the etiquettes of hosting guests.
(But when he saw their hands went not towards it (the meal), he mistrusted them,) This means that he felt estranged from them.
(and conceived a fear of them.) This is because angels are not concerned with food. They do not desire it, nor do they eat it. Therefore, when Ibrahim saw them reject the food that he had brought them, without tasting any of it at all, he felt a mistrust of them.
(and conceived a fear of them. ) As-Suddi said, "When Allah sent the angels to the people of Lut, they set out walking in the form of young men, until they came to Ibrahim and they were hosted by him. When Ibrahim saw them, he rushed to host them.
(Then he turned to his household, and brought out a roasted calf.)51:26 He slaughtered it (the calf), roasted it on hot stones and brought it to them. Then, he sat down with them. when he placed it before them. (saying): `Will you not eat' They said, `O Ibrahim! Verily, we do not eat food without a price.' Ibrahim then said, `Verily, this food has a price.' They said, `What is its price' He said, `You must mention the Name of Allah over it before eating it and praise Allah upon finishing it.' Jibril then looked at Mika'il and said, `This man has the right that his Lord should take him as an intimate friend.'
(But when he saw their hands went not towards it (the meal), he mistrusted them,) When Ibrahim saw that they were not eating, he became scared and frightened by them. Then, when Sarah looked and saw that he was honoring them, she began to serve them and she was laughing. She said, `What amazing guests we have. We serve them ourselves, showing them respect and they do not eat our food."' Then, concerning Allah's statement about the angels,
(They said: "Fear not,") They were saying, "Do not be afraid of us. Verily, we are angels sent to the people of Lut in order to destroy them." Then, Sarah laughed in delight of the good news of their destruction. This is because they had caused much corruption and their disbelief was severe. For this reason, she was rewarded with the glad tidings of a son, even after her despair. Concerning Allah's statement,
(and after Ishaq, of Ya`qub.) This means that the son that she was going to have would have a son (her grandson) who would succeed him and beget many children. For verily, Ya`qub was the son of Ishaq, just as Allah says in Surat Al-Baqarah,
(Or were you witnesses when death approached Ya'qub When he said unto his sons, "What will you worship after me" They said, "We shall worship your God, the God of your fathers, Ibrahim, Isma`il, Ishaq, One God, and to him we submit.") 2:133 From this point in this verse there is an evidence for those who say that Isma`il was the son of Ibrahim who was to be sacrificed. It could not have been Ishaq, because the glad tidings were given that he would have a son born to him named Ya`qub. So how could Ibrahim be commanded to sacrifice him when he was a small child and there had not been born to him a child yet, named Ya`qub, who was promised The promise of Allah is true and there is no breaking of Allah's promise. Therefore, it is not possible that Ibrahim was to sacrifice this child (Ishaq) with the condition being as it was. This makes it clear that Isma`il was the son that was to be sacrificed and this is the best, most correct and clearest evidence of that. And all praise is due to Allah. 9
(She said (in astonishment): "Woe unto me! Shall I bear a child while I am an old woman, and here is my husband an old man") Allah speaks of her statement in this verse, just as He spoke of her action in another verse.
(Then his wife came forward with a loud voice: she smote her face, and said: "A barren old woman!")51:29 This was the custom of the women in their speech and actions when they were expressing amazement.
(Then said: "Do you wonder at the decree of Allah") This means that the angels were saying to her, "Do not be amazed at the command of Allah, for verily, whenever He wants something, He merely says `Be' and it is. So do not be amazed at this, even though you are old and barren and your husband is a very old man. Verily, Allah is able to do whatever He wills."
(The mercy of Allah and His blessing be on you, O the family (of Ibrahim). Surely, He (Allah) is All-Praiseworthy, All-Glorious.) This means that He is the Most Praiseworthy in all of His actions and statements. He is praised and glorified in His Attributes and His Self. For this reason, it is confirmed in the two Sahihs that they (the Prophet's Companions) said, "Verily, we already know how to greet you with Salam (peace), but how do we send Salah (prayer) upon you, O Messenger of Allah" He said,
(Say, "O Allah, send prayers upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, just as You have sent prayers upon Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. And bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, just as You have blessed the family of Ibrahim. Truly, You are the All-Praiseworthy, All-Glorious.")
Hadits Terkait
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Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ashbagh] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Ibnu Wahb] telah mengabarkan kepadaku [Yunus] dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari [Abu Salamah] dari [Abu Sa'id Al Khudri] dari Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda; "Tidaklah Allah mengutus seorang Nabi atau mengangkat seorang khalifah selain ia mempunyai dua kubu, kubu yang memerintahkannya kebaikan dan memotivasinya, dan kubu yang menyuruhnya berbuat keburukan dan mendorongnya, maka orang yang terjaga adalah yang dijaga Allah ta'ala." [Sulaiman] mengatakan dari [Yahya] telah mengabarkan kepadaku [Ibnu Syihab] dengan hadist ini, dan dari [Ibnu Abu 'Atiq] dan [Musa] dari [Ibnu Syihab] hadits yang sama, sedang [Syu'aib] mengatakan dari [Az Zuhri] telah menceritakan kepadaku [Abu Salamah] dari [Abu Sa'id]... seperti hadits diatas. Sedang [Al Auza'i] dan [Mu'awiyah bin Salam] mengatakan, telah menceritakan kepadaku [Az Zuhri] telah menceritakan kepadaku [Abu Salamah] dari [Abu Hurairah] dari Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam. Sedang [Ibnu Abu Husain] dan [Sa'id bin Ziyad] mengatakan, dari [Abu Salamah] dari [Abu Sa'id],,, seperti hadits diatas,, dan [Ubaidullah bin Abu Ja'far] telah menceritakan kepadaku [Shafwan] dari [Abu Salamah] dari [Abu Ayyub] mengatakan; aku mendengar Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Numair] dan [Muhammad bin Al Ala` Abu Kuraib] dari [Abu Mu'awiyah] berkata [Ibnu Al Ala`] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Mu'awiyah] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Al A'masy] dari [Syaqiq] dari [Hudzaifah] berkata: Kami berada di kediaman Umar lalu ia bertanya: Siapa diantara kalian yang hafal hadits Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam tentang fitnah seperti yang beliau sabdakan? Hudzaifah bin Al Yaman menjawab: Aku. Umar berkata: Sesungguhnya kau gegabah, apa yang beliau sampaikan? Aku (Hudzaifah bin Al Yaman) berkata: Aku mendengar Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa Salam bersabda: "Fitnah seseorang terhadap keluarga, harta dan tetangganya yang (dosanya) bisa dihapus dengan shalat, sedekah, memerintahkan kebaikan dan mencegah kemungkaran." Umar berkata: Bukan itu yang aku maksud, tapi fitnah yang bergelombang layaknya samudera. Aku berkata: Kau tidak bermasalah dengannya wahai Amirul Mu`minin, sesungguhnya diantaramu dengan fitnah itu ada pintu yang tertutup. Umar bertanya: Apakah pintunya didobrak atau dibuka? Hudzaifah menjawab: Didobrak. Umar berkata: Kalau begitu layak tidak tertutup selamanya. Kami bertanya kepada Hudzaifah: Apakah Umar tahu siapakah pintu itu? Hudzaifah menjawab: Ya, seperti halnya ia tahu bahwa yang menghalangi hari ini dan hari esok adalah malam hari. Aku menceritakan suatu hadits yang tidak keliru padanya. Kami berkata kepada Masruq: Tanyakan padanya. Ia pun bertanya lalu ia menjawab: Umar. Telah menceritakannya kepada kami [Abu Bakar bin Abi Syaibah] dan [Abu Sa'id Al Asyaj] berkata telah menceritakan kepadaku [Waki'] dan telah menceritakan kepadaku [Utsman bin Abu Syaibah] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Jarir]. Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ishaq bin Ibrahim] telah mengkhabarkan kepada kami [Isa bin Yunus]. Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ibnu Abi Umar] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Yahya bin Isa], semuanya dari [Al A'masy] dan sanad ini seperti hadits Abu Mu'awiyah. Disebutkan dalam hadits Isa dari Al A'masy dari Syaqiq: Ia berkata: Aku mendengar Hudzaifah berkata. Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ibnu Abi Umar] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Sufyan] dari [Jami' bin Abu Rasyid] dan [Al A'masy] dari [Abu Wa`il] dari [Hudzaifah] berkata: Umar berkata: Siapa yang mau menceritakan kepada kami tentang fitnah, lalu ia menceritakan hadits seperti hadits mereka
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abdullah bin Zubair Al Humaidi] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Sufyan] dari [Mis'ar] dan lainnya dari [Qais bin Muslim] dari [Thariq bin Syihab] ia berkata, "Seorang laki-laki Yahudi berkata kepada [Umar], "Wahai Amirul Mukminin, kalaulah ayat ini diturunkan kepada kami, yaitu ayat: '(Hari ini telah Aku sempurnakan untk kalian agama kalian, dan Aku semurkan bagi kalian Nikmat-Ku dan Aku ridhai Islam sebagai agama kalian) ' (Qs. Al Maidah: 2), niscaya telah kami jadikan hari itu sebagai hari raya." Lantas Umar berkata, "Sungguh, aku tahu hari apa ayat itu diturunkan. Ayat itu diturunkan di hari Arafah pada hari jumat." Sufyan mendengar dari Mis'ar, Mis'ar mendengar dari Qais, dan Qais mendengar dari Thariq
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Yahya bin Ayyub] dan [Abu Bakr bin Abu Syaibah], semuanya dari [Ibnu Ulaiyah] berkata [Ibnu Ayyub]: Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ibnu Ulaiyah] berkata. Telah mengkhabarkan kepada kami [Sa'id Al Jurairi] dari [Abu Nadhrah] dari [Abu Sa'id Al Khudri] dari [Zaid bin Tsabit] berkata Abu Sa'id: Aku tidak menyaksikannya dari nabi Shallallahu 'alaihi wa Salam, tapi Zaid bin Tsabit menceritakannya kepadaku, ia berkata: Saat nabi Shallallahu 'alaihi wa Salam berada di kebun milik bani An Najjar, beliau menunggangi bighal milik beliau dan kami bersama beliau, tiba-tiba bighal menyimpang hingga hampir melemparkan beliau, ternyata ada enam, lima atau empat kuburan -ia berkata: Seperti inilah yang dikatakan Al Jurairi- lalu beliau bertanya: "Siapa yang mengetahui penghuni-penghuni kubuan ini?" seseorang menjawab: Saya. Beliau bertanya: "Kapan mereka meninggal?" ia menjawab: Mereka meninggal dimasa kesyirikan. Beliau bersabda: "Sesungguhnya ummat ini diuji dikuburnya. Andai kalian tidak berlarian, niscaya aku berdoa kepada Allah agar memperdengarkan adzab kubur pada kalian seperti aku dengar." Setelah itu beliau menghadapkan wajah ke arah kami lalu bersabda: "Berlindunglah diri kepada Allah dari adzab neraka." mereka berkata: Kami berlindung diri kepada Allah dari adzab neraka." beliau bersabda: "Berlindunglah diri kepada Allah dari adzab kubur." mereka berkata: Kami berlindung diri kepada Allah dari adzab kubur." Beliau bersabda: "Berlindunglah diri kepada Allah dari fitnah-fitnah yang nampak dan yang teresmbunyi." Mereka berkata: Kami berlindung diri kepada Allah dari fitnah-fitnah yang nampak dan yang tersembunyi." Beliau bersabda: "Berlindunglah diri kepada Allah dari fitnahnya Dajjal." mereka berkata: Kami berlindung diri kepada Allah dari fitnahnya Dajjal