وَجَآءَتْ سَيَّارَةٌۭ فَأَرْسَلُوا۟ وَارِدَهُمْ فَأَدْلَىٰ دَلْوَهُۥ ۖ قَالَ يَٰبُشْرَىٰ هَٰذَا غُلَٰمٌۭ ۚ وَأَسَرُّوهُ بِضَٰعَةًۭ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌۢ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ
Kemudian datanglah kelompok orang-orang musafir, lalu mereka menyuruh seorang pengambil air, maka dia menurunkan timbanya, dia berkata: "Oh; kabar gembira, ini seorang anak muda!" Kemudian mereka menyembunyikan dia sebagai barang dagangan. Dan Allah Maha Mengetahui apa yang mereka kerjakan.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
Yusuf is Rescued from the Well and sold as a Slave
Allah narrates what happened to Yusuf, peace be upon him, after his brothers threw him down the well and left him in it, alone, where he remained for three days, according to Abu Bakr bin `Ayyash. Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "After Yusuf's brothers threw him down the well, they remained around the well for the rest of the day to see what he might do and what would happen to him. Allah sent a caravan of travelers that camped near that well, and they sent to it the man responsible for drawing water for them. When he approached the well, he lowered his bucket down into it, Yusuf held on to it and the man rescued him and felt happy,
يبُشْرَى هَـذَا غُلاَمٌ
("What good news! Here is a boy.") Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas commented, "Allah's statement,
وَأَسَرُّوهُ بِضَـعَةً
(So they hid him as merchandise), is in reference to Yusuf's brothers, who hid the news that he was their brother. Yusuf hid this news for fear that his brothers might kill him and preferred to be sold instead. Consequently, Yusuf's brothers told the water drawer about him and that man said to his companions,
يبُشْرَى هَـذَا غُلاَمٌ
("What good news! Here is a boy."), a slave whom we can sell. Therefore, Yusuf's own brothers sold him." Allah's statement,
وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ
(And Allah was the All-Knower of what they did. ) states that Allah knew what Yusuf's brothers, and those who bought him, did. He was able to stop them and prevent them from committing their actions, but out of His perfect wisdom He decreed otherwise. He let them do what they did, so that His decision prevails and His appointed destiny rules,
أَلاَ لَهُ الْخَلْقُ وَالاٌّمْرُ تَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَـلَمِينَ
(Surely, His is the creation and commandment. Blessed is Allah, the Lord of the all that exists!) 7:54 This reminds Allah's Messenger Muhammad ﷺ, that Allah has perfect knowledge in the persecution that his people committed against him and that He is able to stop them. However, He decided to give them respite, then give Muhammad ﷺ the victory and make him prevail over them, just as He gave Yusuf victory and made him prevail over his brothers. Allah said next,
وَشَرَوْهُ بِثَمَنٍ بَخْسٍ دَرَهِمَ مَعْدُودَةٍ
(And they sold him for a Bakhs price, - for a few Dirhams) in reference to Yusuf's brothers selling him for a little price, according to Mujahid and `Ikrimah. `Bakhs' means decreased, just as Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,
فَلاَ يَخَافُ بَخْساً وَلاَ رَهَقاً
(shall have no fear, either of a Bakhs (a decrease in the reward of his good deeds) or a Rahaq (an increase in the punishment for his sins).) 72:13 meaning that Yusuf's brothers exchanged him for a miserably low price. Yet, he was so insignificant to them that had the caravan people wanted him for free, they would have given him for free to them! Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and Ad-Dahhak said that,
وَشَرَوْهُ
(And they sold him), is in reference to Yusuf's brothers. They sold Yusuf for the lowest price, as indicated by Allah's statement next,
دَرَهِمَ مَعْدُودَةٍ
(for a few Dirhams), twenty Dirhams, according to `Abdullah bin Mas`ud. Similar was said by Ibn `Abbas, Nawf Al-Bikali, As-Suddi, Qatadah and `Atiyah Al-`Awfi, who added that they divided the Dirhams among themselves, each getting two Dirhams. Ad-Dahhak commented on Allah's statement,
وَكَانُواْ فِيهِ مِنَ الزَهِدِينَ
(And they were of those who regarded him insignificant.) "Because they had no knowledge of his prophethood and glorious rank with Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored."
Hadits Terkait
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abudllah bin Yusuf] Telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Malik] dari [Abu Hazim] dari [Sahl bin Sa'dari] bahwa Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Sekiranya kesialan itu ada pada sesuatu, maka niscaya akan terdapat kuda, wanita dan rumah
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abdullah bin Yusuf] Telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Malik] dari [Rabi'ah bin Abu Abdurrahman] dari [Al Qasim bin Muhammad] dari [Aisyah] radliallahu 'anha, ia berkata; Pada Barirah terdapat tiga sunnah. Ia dimerdekakan, lalu diberi pilihan. Dan Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Sesungguhnya hak waris kepemilikan budak (wala') itu adalah bagi yang memerdekakan." Kemudian suatu ketika, Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam masuk sementara periuk berada di atas api, lalu beliau pun disuguhkan roti beserta lauk. Maka beliau bersabda: "Bukankah tadi aku melihat periuk?" dikatakanlah pada beliau, "Periuk itu berisikan daging yang disedekahkan kepada Barirah, sementara Anda tidak makan sedekah." Beliau bersabda: "Baginya sedekah, tetapi bagi kita adalah hadiah
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abdullah bin Yusuf] Telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Malik] dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari [Urwah bin Az Zubair] dari [Aisyah] bahwa setelah turunnya perintah hijab, Aflah saudara Abu Al Qu'aisi datang dan meminta izin padanya, dan ia adalah paman sesusuannya. Aisyah berkata; Maka aku pun menolak untuk memberi izin padanya, dan ketika Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam datang, aku mengabarkan apa yang kulakukan, maka beliau memerintahkanku untuk mengizinkannya
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Utsman bin Abu Syaibah] berkata, telah menceritakan kepada kami [Muhammad bin Fudhail]. (dalam jalur lain disebutkan) Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Yusuf bin Musa] berkata, telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Usamah] dari [Hisyam bin Urwah] dari [Urwah] dari ['Aisyah radliallahu 'anha] ia berkata, "Pernah didatangkan kepada Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam beberapa orang bayi, lalu beliau mendoakan keberkahan untuk mereka." Yusuf menambahkan, 'Beliau mentahnik mereka (mengunyah makanan dan memberikannya kedalam mulut bayi). ' Dan tidak menyebut tentang berkah
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abdullah bin Yusuf] Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Al Laits] dari [Uqail] dari [Ibnu Syihab] bahwa [Urwah bin Az Zubair] Telah mengabarkan kepadanya, bahwa [Zainab binti Abu Salamah] Telah mengabarkan keapdanya bahwa [Ummu Habibah] berkata; Aku berkata, "Wahai Rasulullah, nikahilah saudaraku binti Abu Sufyan." Beliau bersabda: "Apakah kamu suka?" Aku menjawab, "Ya, dan bukan berarti aku mau berpisah dengan Anda. Tetapi, orang yang paling aku sukai dapat ikut serta dalam kebaikan denganku adalah saudara perempuanku." Maka Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Sesungguhnya hal itu tidaklah halal bagiku." Aku berkata lagi, "Wahai Rasulullah, sesungguhnya kami tengah berbincang-bincang bahwa Anda ingin menikahi Durrah binti Abu Salamah." Beliau balik bertanya: "Binta Ummi Salamah?" Aku menjawab, "Ya." Beliau bersabda: "Demi Allah, sekiranya ia tidak dalam asuhanku, ia pun tidaklah halal bagiku. Sesungguhnya ia adalah anak dari saudara sesusuanku. Yang demikian karena Tsuwaibah telah menyusui aku dan juga Abu Salamah. Karena itu, janganlah kalian menawarkan anak-anak perempuan kalian kepadaku dan jangan pula saudara-saudara perempuan kalian