وَقَالَ ٱلْمَلِكُ إِنِّىٓ أَرَىٰ سَبْعَ بَقَرَٰتٍۢ سِمَانٍۢ يَأْكُلُهُنَّ سَبْعٌ عِجَافٌۭ وَسَبْعَ سُنۢبُلَٰتٍ خُضْرٍۢ وَأُخَرَ يَابِسَٰتٍۢ ۖ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْمَلَأُ أَفْتُونِى فِى رُءْيَٰىَ إِن كُنتُمْ لِلرُّءْيَا تَعْبُرُونَ
Raja berkata (kepada orang-orang terkemuka dari kaumnya): "Sesungguhnya aku bermimpi melihat tujuh ekor sapi betina yang gemuk-gemuk dimakan oleh tujuh ekor sapi betina yang kurus-kurus dan tujuh bulir (gandum) yang hijau dan tujuh bulir lainnya yang kering". Hai orang-orang yang terkemuka: "Terangkanlah kepadaku tentang ta'bir mimpiku itu jika kamu dapat mena'birkan mimpi".
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
The Dream of the King of Egypt
The King of Egypt had a dream that Allah the Exalted made a reason for Yusuf's release from prison, with his honor and reputation preserved. When the king had this dream, he was astonished and fearful and sought its interpretation. He gathered the priests, the chiefs of his state and the princes and told them what he had seen in a dream, asking them to interpret it for him. They did not know its interpretation and as an excuse, they said,
(Mixed up false dreams), which you saw,
(and we are not skilled in the interpretation of dreams.) They said, had your dream been a vision rather than a mixed up false dream, we would not have known its interpretation. The man who was saved from the two, who were Yusuf's companions in prison, remembered. Shaytan plotted to make him forget the request of Yusuf, to mention his story to the king. Now, years later, he remembered after forgetfulness and said to the king and his entourage,
(I will tell you its interpretation,) he interpretation of this dream,
(so send me forth.) to the prison, to Yusuf, the man of truth. So they sent him, and he said to Yusuf,
(O Yusuf, the man of truth! Explain to us..) and mentioned the king's dream to him.
Yusuf's Interpretation of the King's Dream
This is when Yusuf, peace be upon him, told the interpretation of the dream, without criticizing the man for forgetting his request that he had made to him. Neither did he make a precondition that he be released before explaining the meaning. Rather, he said,
(For seven consecutive years, you shall sow as usual) `you will receive the usual amount of rain and fertility for seven consecutive years.' He interpreted the cows to be years, because cows till the land that produce fruits and vegetables, which represent the green ears of corn in the dream. He next recommended what they should do during these fertile years,
(and that (the harvest) which you reap you shall leave it in the ears, (all) except a little of it which you may eat.) He said, `Whatever you harvest during those seven fertile years, leave it in the ears so as to preserve it better. This will help the harvest stay healthy longer, except the amount that you need to eat, which should not be substantial. Stay away from extravagance, so that you use what remains of the harvest during the seven years of drought that will follow the seven fertile years.' This was represented by the seven lean cows that eat the seven fat cows. During the seven years of drought, they will eat from the harvest they collected during the seven fertile years, as represented by the dry ears of corn in the dream. Yusuf told them that during these years, the remaining ears will not produce anything and whatever they try to plant, will not produce any harvest, so he said,
(which will devour what you have laid by in advance for them, (all) except a little of that which you have guarded (stored).) He delivered the good news to them that after the consecutive years of drought, there will come a fertile year, during which people will receive rain and the land will produce in abundance. The people will then press wine and oil as usual.
Hadits Terkait
Telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Abdullah bin Yusuf] berkata, telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Malik] dari [Hisyam bin 'Urwah] dari [Bapaknya] dari ['Aisyah radliallahu 'anha] Ummul Mukminin bahwasanya ia mengabarinya bahwa ia tidak pernah melihat Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam sekalipun mendirikan shalat malam dengan duduk hingga beliau beranjak tua. Saat tua itulah Beliau membaca surat dengan duduk, hingga jika Beliau akan ruku' maka Beliau berdiri dan Beliau baca sekitar tiga puluh atau empat puluh ayat kemudian Beliau ruku
Telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Abdullah bin Yusuf] berkata, telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Malik] dari ['Abdullah bin Yazid] dan [Abu An-Nadhir] sahaya 'Umar bin 'Ubaidullah dari [Abu Salamah bin 'Abdurrahman] dari ['Aisyah Ummul Mukminin radliallahu 'anha] bahwa Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam pernah melaksanakan shalat dengan duduk dan Beliau membaca surat sambil duduk. Bila sedikit tersisa dari bacaannya sekitar tiga puluh atau empat puluh ayat, maka Beliau berdiri dan melanjutkan bacaannya itu dengan berdiri. Kemudian Beliau ruku' lalu sujud', Kemudian Beliau melakukan seperti itu pada raka'at kedua. Bila Beliau telah menyelesaikan shalatnya, Beliau melihat (kepadaku). Bila aku telah bangun maka Beliau mengajak aku berbincang dan bila aku masih tidur, maka Beliau berbaring
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Yusuf bin Isa], telah menceritakan kepada kami [Waki'], telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abdul Hamid bin Ja'far] dari [Yazid bin Abu Habib] dari [Martsad bin Abdullah Al Yazani Abu Al Khair] dari ['Uqbah bin 'Amir Al Juhani] berkata; Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Syarat yang paling berhak untuk dipenuhi adalah syarat yang dilakukan untuk menghalalkan kemaluan." Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Musa, Muhammad bin Al Mutsanna], telah menceritakan kepada kami [Yahya bin Sa'id] dari [Abdul Hamid bin Ja'far] seperti di atas. Abu Isa berkata; "Ini merupakan hadits hasan sahih. Sebagian kalangan ulama dari kalangan sahabat Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam di antaranya Umar bin khaththab berpendapat; jika seorang laki-laki menikahi seorang wanita dan mensyaratkan agar suami tidak mengeluarkannya dari desanya. Maka dia tidak boleh mengeluarkan istrinya. Ini pendapat sebagian ulama, juga pendapat Syafi'i, Ahmad dan Ishaq. Diriwayatkan dari Ali bin Abu Thalib, berkata; "Syarat Allah sebelum syaratnya." seolah dia berpendapat bahwa bagi suami bisa mengeluarkannya walau isteri sebelumnya mensyaratkan untuk tidak mengeluarkannya." Sebagian ulama juga berpendapat demikian. Ini juga merupakan pendapat Sufyan Ats Tsaur dan sebagian penduduk Kufah
Telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Abdullah bin Yusuf] berkata, telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Malik] dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari ['Urwah] dari ['Aisyah radliallahu 'anha] berkata; "Tidaklah Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam meninggalkan suatu amal padahal Beliau mencintai amal tersebut melainkan karena Beliau khawatir nanti orang-orang akan ikut mengamalkannya sehingga diwajibkan buat mereka. Dan tidaklah Beliau melaksanakan shalat Dhuha sekalipun kecuali pasti aku ikut melaksanakannya
Telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Abdullah bin Yusuf] berkata, telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Malik] dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari ['Urwah bin Az Zubair] dari ['Aisyah Ummul Mu'minin radliallahu 'anha] berkata; "Pada suatu malam Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam melaksanakan shalat di masjid, maka orang-oang mengikuti shalat Beliau. Pada malam berikutnya Beliau kembali melaksanakan shalat di masjid dan orang-orang yang mengikuti bertambah banyak. Pada malam ketiga atau keempat, orang-orang banyak sudah berkumpul namun Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam tidak keluar untuk shalat bersama mereka. Ketika pagi harinya, Beliau bersabda: "Sungguh aku mengetahui apa yang kalian lakukan tadi malam dan tidak ada yang menghalangi aku untuk keluar shalat bersama kalian. Hanya saja aku khawatir nanti diwajibkan atas kalian". Kejadian ini di bulan Ramadhan