وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا قَبْلَكَ إِلَّا رِجَالًۭا نُّوحِىٓ إِلَيْهِمْ ۖ فَسْـَٔلُوٓا۟ أَهْلَ ٱلذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ
Kami tiada mengutus rasul rasul sebelum kamu (Muhammad), melainkan beberapa orang-laki-laki yang Kami beri wahyu kepada mereka, maka tanyakanlah olehmu kepada orang-orang yang berilmu, jika kamu tiada mengetahui.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
The Messengers are no more than Human Beings
Here Allah refutes those who denied that human Messengers could be sent:
(And We sent not before you but men to whom We revealed.) meaning, all the Messengers who came before you were men, human beings. There were no angels among them. This is like the Ayat:
(And We sent not before you any but men unto whom We revealed, from among the people of townships) 12:109
(Say: "I am not a new thing among the Messengers...) 46:9 Allah tells us that the previous nations denied that and said:
("Shall mere men guide us") 64:6. So Allah says here:
(So ask the people of the Reminder if you do not know.) meaning, ask the people of knowledge among the nations such as the Jews and Christians and other groups: `were the Messengers who came to you human beings or angels' Indeed they were human beings. This is a part of the perfect blessing of Allah towards His creation: He sent to them Messengers from among themselves so that they could receive the Message from them and learn from them.
(And We did not place them in bodies that did not eat food...) meaning, rather they had bodies that ate food, as Allah says:
(And We never sent before you any of the Messengers but verily, they ate food and walked in the markets) 25:20 meaning, they were human beings who ate and drank like all other people, and they went to the marketplaces to earn a living and engage in business; that did not affect them adversely or reduce their status in any way, as the idolators imagined.
(And they say: "Why does this Messenger eat food, and walk about in the markets. Why is not an angel sent down to him to be a warner with him Or (why) has not a treasure been granted to him, or why has he not a garden whereof he may eat") 25:7-8
(nor were they immortals) meaning, in this world; on the contrary, they lived, then they died.
(And We granted not to any human being immortality before you) 21:34 But what distinguished them from others was that they received revelation from Allah, and the angels brought down to them from Allah His rulings concerning His creation, what He commanded and what He prohibited.
Then We fulfilled to them the promise. the promise that their Lord made to destroy the evildoers. Allah fulfilled His promise and did that. He says:
(So We saved them and those whom We willed,) meaning, their followers among the believers,
(but We destroyed Al-Musrifin.) meaning, those who disbelieved the Message brought by the Messengers.
Hadits Terkait
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Mahmud bin Ghailan] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Ahmad Az Zubairi] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Sufyan] dari [Al Mughirah bin An Nu'man] dari [Sa'id bin Jubair] dari [Ibnu 'Abbas] berkata: Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa salam bersabda: "Manusia dikumpulkan pada hari kiamat dalam kondisi tanpa alas kaki, telanjang dan belum disunat." Kemudian beliau membaca: "Sebagaimana kami telah memulai panciptaan pertama begitulah Kami akan mengulanginya. Itulah suatu janji yang pasti kami tepati." (Al-Anbiyaa`: 104) dan makhluk pertama yang diberi pakaian adalah Ibrahim dan di antara para sahabat-sahabat kami ada yang diambil dari kiki dan kanan, aku berkata: Wahai Rabb, sahabat-sahabatku. Dikatakan: Sesungguhnya engkau tidak tahu apa yang mereka buat-buat setelahmu, mereka tetap murtad sejak kau tinggalkan mereka. Lalu aku berkata seperti yang diucapkan hamba shalih: "Jika Engkau menyiksa mereka, maka sesungguhnya mereka adalah hamba-hamba Engkau, dan jika Engkau mengampuni mereka, maka sesungguhnya Engkaulah yang Maha Perkasa lagi Maha Bijaksana." (Al-Maa`idah: 118) Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Muhammad bin Basyar] dan [Muhammad bin Al Mutsanna] keduanya berkata: telah menceritakan kepada kami [Muhammad bin Ja'far] dari [Syu'bah] dari [Al Mughirah bin An Nu'man] dengan sanad ini lalu ia menyebut sepertinya. Berkata Abu Isa: Hadits ini hasan shahih