يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ٱرْكَعُوا۟ وَٱسْجُدُوا۟ وَٱعْبُدُوا۟ رَبَّكُمْ وَٱفْعَلُوا۟ ٱلْخَيْرَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ ۩
Hai orang-orang yang beriman, ruku'lah kamu, sujudlah kamu, sembahlah Tuhanmu dan perbuatlah kebajikan, supaya kamu mendapat kemenangan.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
The Command to worship Allah and engage in Jihad
It was reported from `Uqbah bin `Amir that the Prophet said:
«فُضِّلَتْ سُورَةُ الْحَجِّ بِسَجْدَتَيْنِ، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْجُدْهُمَا فَلَا يَقْرَأْهُمَا»
(Surat Al-Hajj has been blessed with two Sajdahs, so whoever does not prostrate them should not read them.)
وَجَـهِدُوا فِى اللَّهِ حَقَّ جِهَـدِهِ
(And strive hard in Allah's cause as you ought to strive.) means, with your wealth and your tongues and your bodies. This is like the Ayah:
اتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ
(Have Taqwa of Allah as is His due.) 3:102
هُوَ اجْتَبَـكُمْ
(He has chosen you,) means, `O Ummah of Islam, Allah has selected you and chosen you over all other nations, and has favored you and blessed you and honored you with the noblest of Messengers and the noblest of Laws.'
وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكمْ فِى الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ
(and has not laid upon you in religion any hardship) He has not given you more than you can bear and He has not obliged you to do anything that will cause you difficulty except that He has created for you a way out. So the Salah, which is the most important pillar of Islam after the two testimonies of faith, is obligatory, four Rak`ahs when one is settled, which are shortened to two Rak`ah when one is traveling. According to some Imams, only one Rak`ahs is obligatory at times of fear, as was recorded in the Hadith. A person may pray while walking or riding, facing the Qiblah or otherwise. When praying optional prayers while traveling, one may face the Qiblah or not. A person is not obliged to stand during the prayer if he is sick; the sick person may pray sitting down, and if he is not able to do that then he may pray lying on his side. And there are other exemptions and dispensations which may apply to the obligatory prayers and other duties. So the Prophet said:
«بُعِثْتُ بِالْحَنِيفِيَّةِ السَّمْحَة»
(I have been sent with the easy Hanifi way.) And he said to Mu`adh and Abu Musa, when he sent them as governors to Yemen:
«بَشِّرَا وَلَا تُنَفِّرا وَيَسِّرَا وَلَا تُعَسِّرَا»
(Give good news and do not repel them. Make things easy for the people and do not make the things difficult for them.) And there are many similar Hadiths. Ibn `Abbas said concerning the Ayah,
وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكمْ فِى الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ
(and has not laid upon you in religion any hardship), "This means difficulty."
مِّلَّةَ أَبِيكُمْ إِبْرَهِيمَ
(It is the religion of your father Ibrahim. ) Ibn Jarir said, "This refers back to the Ayah,
وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكمْ فِى الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ
(and has not laid upon you in religion any hardship) meaning, any difficulty." On the contrary, He has made it easy for you, like the religion of your father Ibrahim. He said, "It may be that it means: adhere to the religion of your father Ibrahim." I say: This interpretation of the Ayah is like the Ayah:
قُلْ إِنَّنِى هَدَانِى رَبِّى إِلَى صِرَطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ دِينًا قِيَمًا مِّلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا
(Say: "Truly, my Lord has guided me to a straight path, a right religion, the religion of Ibrahim, a Hanif) 6:161
هُوَ سَمَّـكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِن قَبْلُ وَفِى هَـذَا
(He has named you Muslims both before and in this (Qur'an),) Imam `Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak said, narrating from Ibn Jurayj, from `Ata', from Ibn `Abbas: concerning Allah's saying,
هُوَ سَمَّـكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِن قَبْلُ
(He has named you Muslims before) "This refers to Allah, may He be glorified." This was also the view of Mujahid, `Ata', Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi, Muqatil bin Hayyan and Qatadah. Mujahid said, "Allah named you Muslims before, in the previous Books and in Adh-Dhikr,
وَفِى هَـذَا
(and in this) means, the Qur'an." This was also the view of others, because Allah says:
هُوَ اجْتَبَـكُمْ وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكمْ فِى الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ
(He has chosen you, and has not laid upon you in religion any hardship) Then He urged them to follow the Message which His Messenger brought, by reminding them that this was the religion of their father Ibrahim. Then He mentioned His blessings to this Ummah, whereby He mentioned them and praised them long ago in the Books of the Prophets which were recited to the rabbis and monks. Allah says:
هُوَ سَمَّـكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِن قَبْلُ
(He has named you Muslims both before) meaning, before the Qur'an,
وَفِى هَـذَا
(and in this.) Under the explanation of this Ayah, An-Nasa'i recorded from Al-Harith Al-Ash`ari from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said:
«مَنْ دَعَا بِدَعْوَى الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْ جِثِيِّ جَهَنَّم»
(Whoever adopts the call of Jahiliyyah, will be one of those who will crawl on their knees in Hell.) A man said, "O Messenger of Allah, even if he fasts and performs Salah" He said,
«نَعَمْ وَإِنْ صَامَ وَصَلَّى ، فَادْعُوا بِدَعْوَةِ اللهِ الَّتِي سَمَّاكُمْ بِهَا الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عِبَادَ الله»
(Yes, even if he fasts and performs Salah. So adopt the call of Allah whereby He called you Muslims and believers and servants of Allah.)
لِيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ شَهِيداً عَلَيْكُمْ وَتَكُونُواْ شُهَدَآءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ
(that the Messenger may be a witness over you and you be witnesses over mankind!) means, `thus We have made you a just and fair nation, the best of nations, and all other nations will testify to your justice. On the Day of Resurrection you will be,
شُهَدَآءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ
(witnesses over mankind),' because on that Day all the nations will acknowledge its leadership and its precedence over all others. Therefore, on the Day of Resurrection the testimony of the members of this community will be accepted as proof that the Messengers ﷺ conveyed the Message of their Lord to them, and the Messenger will testify that he conveyed the Message to them.
فَأَقِيمُواْ الصَّلوةَ وَءَاتُواْ الزَّكَوةَ
(So perform the Salah, give Zakah) means, respond to this great blessing with gratitude by fulfilling your duties towards Allah, doing that which He has enjoined upon you and avoiding that which He had forbidden. Among the most important duties are establishing regular prayer and giving Zakah. Zakah is a form of beneficence towards Allah's creatures, whereby He has enjoined upon the rich to give a little of their wealth to the poor each year, to help the weak and needy. We have already mentioned its explanation in the Ayah of Zakah in Surat At-Tawbah (9:5).
وَاعْتَصِمُواْ بِاللَّهِ
(and hold fast to Allah.) means, seek the help and support of Allah and put your trust in Him, and get strength from Him.
هُوَ مَوْلَـكُمْ
(He is your Mawla,) meaning, He is your Protector and your Helper, He is the One Who will cause you to prevail against your enemies.
فَنِعْمَ الْمَوْلَى وَنِعْمَ النَّصِيرُ
(what an Excellent Mawla and what an Excellent Helper!) He is the best Mawla and the best Helper against your enemies. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Hajj. May Allah bless our Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and his family and Companions, and grant them peace; may Allah honor and be pleased with the Companions and those who follow them in truth until the Day of Resurrection.
Hadits Terkait
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abdullah bin Amru bin Abi Al-Hajjaj, Abu Ma'mar] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abdul Warits] dari [Al-Husain] dari [Yahya bin Abi Katsir] dari [Abu Salamah] dia berkata; telah mengabarkan kepadaku [Zainab binti Abi Salamah] bahwasanya ada seorang wanita yang sering keluar darah (darah penyakit), ia adalah istri Abdurrahman bin Auf, bahwasanya Rasululah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam memerintahkannya untuk mandi pada setiap kali shalat dan dia shalat. Dan dia telah mengabarkan kepadaku bahwasanya [Ummu bakr] telah mengabarkan kepadanya, bahwasanya [Aisyah] berkata; Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda tentang wanita yang melihat darah yang keluar yang membuatnya ragu setelah dia bersuci, "Sesungguhnya darah itu hanyalah darah penyakit". Atau beliau bersabda: Itu darah-darah peyakit (dengan bentuk jamak). Abu Dawud berkata; Di dalam hadits Ibnu Aqil disebutkan kedua-duanya. Dan beliau bersabda: "Jika kamu kuat (mampu), maka mandilah untuk setiap kali akan shalat, dan kalau tidak mampu, maka jamaklah". Sebagaimana dikatakan oleh Al-Qasim di dalam hadits riwayatnya; Dan ucapan ini telah diriwayatkan dari Sa'id bin Jubair dari Ali dan Ibnu Abbas radliallahu 'anhuma
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ahmad bin Sinan Al-Qaththan Al-Wasithi] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Yazid] dari [Ayyub bin Abi Miskin] dari [Al-Hajjaj] dar [Ummu Kultsum] dari [Aisyah] tentang wanita yang menderita darah penyakit; Dia mandi, yakni sekali, kemudian cukup berwudhu sampai hari haidhnya datang. Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ahmad bin Sinan Al-Qaththan Al-Wasithi] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Yazid] dari [Ayyub, Abu Al-'Ala`] dari [Ibnu Syubrumah] dari [Istri Masruq] dari [Aisyah] dari Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam, dengan lafazh semisal. Abu Dawud berkata; Dan hadits Adi bin Tsabit dan Al-A'masy dari Habib dan Ayyub, Abu Al-'Ala` semuanya dha'if, tidak shahih. Dan yang menunjukkan kedha'ifan hadits Al-A'masy dari Habib, hadits ini dimauqufkan oleh Hafsh bin Ghiyats dari Al-A'masy dan Hafsh bin Ghiyats mengingkari kemarfu'an hadits Habib. Dan dimauqufkan juga oleh Asbath dari Al-A'masy, mauquf dari Aisyah. Abu Dawud berkata; Dan diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Dawud dari Al-A'masy secara marfu' awalnya, dan dia mengingkari padanya perihal wudhu pada setiap kali shalat. Dan yang menunjukkan kedha'ifan hadits Habib ini adalah bahwasanya riwayat Az-Zuhri dari Urwah dari Aisyah, dia berkata; Dia mandi untuk setiap kali shalat, di dalam hadits mustahadlah. Dan diriwayatkan oleh [Abu Al-Yaqzhan] dari [Adi bin Tsabit] dari [Ayahnya] dari [Ali radliallahu 'anhu], dan [Ammar, mantan budak Bani Hasyim] dari [Ibnu Abbas]. Dan diriwayatkan oleh [Abdul Malik bin Maisarah] dan [Bayan] dan [Al-Mughirah] dan [Firas] dan [Mujalid] dari [Asy-Sya'bi] dari hadits [Qamir] dari [Aisyah]; Berwudhulah untuk setiap kali shalat. Dan riwayat [Dawud] dan [Ashim] dari [Asy-Sya'bi] dari [Qamir] dari [Aisyah]; Dia mandi setiap hari satu kali. Dan diriwayatkan oleh Hisyam bin Urwah dari Ayahnya; Mustahadlah (wanita yang mengeluarkan darah penyakit) berwudhu untuk setiap kali shalat. Semua hadits ini dha'if, kecuali hadits Qamir dan hadits Ammar, mantan sahaya Bani Hasyim dan hadits Hisyam bin Urwah dari Ayahnya. Dan yang ma'ruf dari Ibnu Abbas adalah mandi
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Sulaiman bin Dawud] telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Ibnu Wahb] dia berkata; Telah menceritakan kepadaku [Ibnu Lahi'ah] dan [Yahya bin Azhar] dari [Ammar bin Sa'd Al-Muradi] dari [Abu Shalih Al-Ghifari] bahwasanya [Ali radliallahu 'anhu] melewati negeri Babilonia dalam sebuah perjalanannya, kemudian seorang muadzin mengumandangkan adzan shalat Ashar, maka ketika dia telah keluar dari negeri tersebut, dia memerintahkan seseorang untuk mengumandangkan adzan lalu dilaksanakanlah shalat, ketika dia selesai melaksanakan shalat, dia berkata; Sesungguhnya kekasihku shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam melarangku untuk melaksanakan shalat di kuburan dan melarangku juga untuk melaksanakan shalat di negeri babilonia, karena negeri ini terlaknat. Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ahmad bin Shalih] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ibnu Wahb] telah mengabarkan kepadaku [Yahya bin Azhar] dan [Ibnu Lahi'ah] dari [Al-Hajjaj bin Syaddad] dari [Abu Shalih Al-Ghifari] dari [Ali] yang maknanya sama dengan hadits Sulaiman bin Dawud dengan menyebutkan kata kharaja sebagai ganti kata baraza
Dan telah menceritakan kepada kami [Muhammad bin al-Mutsanna al-Anazi] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ibnu Abi Adi] dari [al-Hajjaj, yaitu ash-Shawwaf] dari [Yahya, yaitu Ibnu Abi Katsir] dari [Abdullah bin Abi Qatadah] dan [Abu Salamah] dari [Abu Qatadah] dia berkata, "Dahulu Rasulullah shalat bersama kami (sebagai imam), lalu membaca al-fatihah dan dua surat dalam shalat zhuhur dan ashar pada dua raka'at yang pertama. Dan terkadang beliau memperdengarkan (bacaan) ayat. Beliau memanjangkan raka'at pertama dari shalat zhuhur dan memendekkan yang kedua. Dan demikian juga dalam shalat shubuh
Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ahmad bin Mani'] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Marwan bin Mu'awiyah] dari [Sufyan bin Ziyad Al Asadi] dari [Fatik bin Fadlalah] dari [Aiman bin Khuraim], nabi Shallallahu 'alaihi wa Salam berdiri berkhutbah, beliau bersabda: "Kesaksikan palsu sebanding dengan menyekutukan Allah, " kemudian beliau membaca: "Maka jauhilah olehmu berhala-berhala yang najis itu dan jauhilah perkataan-perkataan dusta." (Al-Hajj: 30) Berkata Abu Isa: Hadits ini gharib, kami hanya mengetahuinya dari hadits Sufyan bin ZIyad, mereka memperselisihkan riwayat hadits ini dari Sufyan bin Ziyad dan kami tidak mengetahui pendengaran Aiman bin Khuraim dari nabi Shallallahu 'alaihi wa Salam